Paramecium Diversity and a New Member of the Paramecium aurelia Species Complex Described from Mexico

Потехин, А. А.; Mayén‐Estrada, Rosaura

doi:10.3390/d12050197

Cited by 17 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…For example, P. biaurelia occurs frequently only in moderate climate zones [ 63 , 64 ], while P. sexaurelia tends to occur in low latitudes [ 65 ]. Thus, the known principle “everything is everywhere” cannot be directly applied to Paramecium , though the geographic zones inhabited by many Paramecium species continue to expand with extensive sampling in previously unexplored regions [ 19 , 54 , 66 ]. Twenty strains of P. multimicronucleatum s. str.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… SMM81-1 Mexico, San Miguel Almaya, 2019 lake CL: 155.6 ± 13.9 µm; CW: 27.6 ± 4,8 µm; ML: 54.6 ± 7.7 µm; MW: 16.4 ± 2.4 µm; NM: 1–3; DMIC: 4.1 ± 0.66 µm; vesicular MIC; MIC location: near MAC; NCVC: 6–8; NCR: 67 ± 8; Intrastrain conjugation (selfing) observed in some strains [ 19 ] OM200743 T42-1 Mexico City, Tlahuac, 2019 channel [ 19 ] OM200744 AB9-8 USA, Boston, 1994 pond OM401919 OM200759 [ 12 ] CyL3-21 Cyprus, Larnaka, Aliki region, 2010 ditch, 1–2‰ OM401920 OM200745 PP-2 Russia, Pskov region, 2012 ditch OM401921 OM200746 PL4-1 Portugal, Lisbon, 2019 concrete basin OM401922 OM200747 OP13 Russia, Saint Petersburg, 1992 city pond OM401923 OM200760 [ 12 ] …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subgenera Helianter and, especially, Cypriostomum consist of a number of species that are difficult to diagnose [ 16 , 17 ]. The “classical” morphospecies of Paramecium , namely P. caudatum ; P. multimicronucleatum ; the P. aurelia complex, which includes 16 sibling species [ 2 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]; and the closely related P. jenningsi and P. schewiakoffi [ 20 ] belong to the subgenus Paramecium s. str. A cigar-shaped body, the relatively big size, a cytostome positioned at cell equator, and a cytoproct located at some distance from the posterior end of the cell are characteristic of the representatives of this subgenus [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cryptic Diversity in Paramecium multimicronucleatum Revealed with a Polyphasic Approach

et al. 2022

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Paramecium (Ciliophora) systematics is well studied, and about twenty morphological species have been described. The morphological species may include several genetic species. However, molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed that the species diversity within Paramecium could be even higher and has raised a problem of cryptic species whose statuses remain uncertain. In the present study, we provide the morphological and molecular characterization of two novel Paramecium species. While Paramecium lynni n. sp., although morphologically similar to P. multimicronucleatum, is phylogenetically well separated from all other Paramecium species, Paramecium fokini n. sp. appears to be a cryptic sister species to P. multimicronucleatum. The latter two species can be distinguished only by molecular methods. The number and structure of micronuclei, traditionally utilized to discriminate species in Paramecium, vary not only between but also within each of the three studied species and, thus, cannot be considered a reliable feature for species identification. The geographic distribution of the P. multimicronucleatum and P. fokini n. sp. strains do not show defined patterns, still leaving space for a role of the geographic factor in initial speciation in Paramecium. Future findings of new Paramecium species can be predicted from the molecular data, while morphological characteristics appear to be unstable and overlapping at least in some species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cryptic Diversity in Paramecium multimicronucleatum Revealed with a Polyphasic Approach

et al. 2022

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“…These were traditionally distinguished from each other by mating reactions with a set of cultured reference strains. Eventually, binomial species names have been assigned to syngens ( Sonneborn, 1975 ; Nanney and McCoy, 1976 ; Steinbrück and Schlegel, 1983 ), and their identification is nowadays routinely based on sequences of the mitochondrial barcoding gene coding for cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and/or mating experiments (e.g., Fokin et al, 2004 ; Barth et al, 2006 ; Tarcz et al, 2012 ; Przyboś and Tarcz, 2013 , 2016 , 2019 ; Krenek et al, 2015 ; Potekhin and Mayén-Estrada, 2020 ; Greczek-Stachura et al, 2021 ). Soon after the discovery of syngens in other groups of ciliates emerged a question of how capable these “molecular” species are to maintain sharp boundary lines for their gene pools.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First molecular evidence of hybridization in endosymbiotic ciliates (Protista, Ciliophora)

Obert

Zhang²,

Rurik³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Hybridization is an important evolutionary process that can fuel diversification via formation of hybrid species or can lead to fusion of previously separated lineages by forming highly diverse species complexes. We provide here the first molecular evidence of hybridization in wild populations of ciliates, a highly diverse group of free-living and symbiotic eukaryotic microbes. The impact of hybridization was studied on the model of Plagiotoma, an obligate endosymbiont of the digestive tube of earthworms, using split decomposition analyses and species networks, 2D modeling of the nuclear rRNA molecules and compensatory base change analyses as well as multidimensional morphometrics. Gene flow slowed down and eventually hampered the diversification of Lumbricus-dwelling plagiotomids, which collapsed into a single highly variable biological entity, the P. lumbrici complex. Disruption of the species boundaries was suggested also by the continuum of morphological variability in the phenotypic space. On the other hand, hybridization conspicuously increased diversity in the nuclear rDNA cistron and somewhat weakened the host structural specificity of the P. lumbrici complex, whose members colonize a variety of phylogenetically closely related anecic and epigeic earthworms. By contrast, another recorded species, P. aporrectodeae sp. n., showed no signs of introgression, no variability in the rDNA cistron, and very high host specificity. These contrasting eco-evolutionary patterns indicate that hybridization might decrease the alpha-diversity by dissolving species boundaries, weaken the structural host specificity by broadening ecological amplitudes, and increase the nuclear rDNA variability by overcoming concerted evolution within the P. lumbrici species complex.

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“…, and the Paramecium aurelia complex Ehrenberg, 1838, comprising 16 syngens [6,15]. Finally, three species, Paramecium duboscqui Chatton & Brachon, 1933, Paramecium buetschlii Krenek et al, 2015 [16], and Paramecium putrinum Claparède & Lachmann, 1858, are currently accepted within the subgenus Helianter [3,7,16].…”

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confidence: 99%

Paramecium: RNA sequence–structure phylogenetics

Weimer

Vďačný

Wolf

2023

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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Organisms classified as members of the genus Paramecium belong to the best-known group of single-celled eukaryotes. Nevertheless, the phylogeny within the genus Paramecium has been discussed and revisited in recent decades and remains partly unresolved. By applying an RNA sequence–structure approach, we attempt to increase accuracy and robustness of phylogenetic trees. For each individual 18S and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequence, a putative secondary structure was predicted through homology modelling. While searching for a structural template, we found, in contrast to the available literature, that the ITS2 molecule consists of three helices in members of the genus Paramecium and four helices in members of the genus Tetrahymena. Two sequencestructure neighbor-joining overall trees were reconstructed with (1) more than 400 taxa (ITS2) and (2) more than 200 taxa (18S). For smaller subsets, neighbor-joining, maximum-parsimony, and maximum-likelihood analyses were executed using sequence–structure information simultaneously. Based on a combined data set (ITS2+18S rDNA) a well-supported tree was reconstructed with bootstrap values over 50 in at least one of the applied analyses. Our results are in general agreement with those published in the available literature based on multi-gene analyses. Our study supports the simultaneous use of sequence–structure data to reconstruct accurate and robust phylogenetic trees.

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Paramecium Diversity and a New Member of the Paramecium aurelia Species Complex Described from Mexico

Cited by 17 publications

References 44 publications

Cryptic Diversity in Paramecium multimicronucleatum Revealed with a Polyphasic Approach

Cryptic Diversity in Paramecium multimicronucleatum Revealed with a Polyphasic Approach

First molecular evidence of hybridization in endosymbiotic ciliates (Protista, Ciliophora)

Paramecium: RNA sequence–structure phylogenetics

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