Parameterization of surface resistances to gaseous dry deposition in regional-scale numerical models

Wesely, M. L.

doi:10.1016/0004-6981(89)90153-4

Cited by 2,306 publications

(1,759 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Within the MESSy submodel DDEP (formerly named DRYDEP; see Sect. 2; Kerkweg et al, 2006a), dry deposition velocities are calculated following the big leaf approach as proposed by Wesely (1989).…”

Section: Dry Deposition and Sedimentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earth System Chemistry integrated Modelling (ESCiMo) with the Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy) version 2.51

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Three types of reference simulations, as recommended by the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (CCMI), have been performed with version 2.51 of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts -Hamburg (ECHAM)/Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy) Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model: hindcast simulations , hindcast simulations with specified dynamics , i.e. nudged towards ERA-Interim reanalysis data, and combined hindcast and projection simulations . The manuscript summarizes the updates of the model system and details the different model set-ups used, including the on-line calculated diagnostics. Simulations have been performed with two different nudging setups, with and without interactive tropospheric aerosol, and with and without a coupled ocean model. Two different vertical resolutions have been applied. The on-line calculated sources and sinks of reactive species are quantified and a first evaluation of the simulation results from a global perspective is provided as a quality check of the data. The focus is on the intercomparison of the different model set-ups. The simulation data will become publicly available via CCMI and the Climate and Environmental Retrieval and Archive (CERA) database of the German Climate Computing Centre (DKRZ). This manuscript is intended to serve as an extensive reference for further analyses of the Earth System Chemistry integrated Modelling (ESCiMo) simulations.

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Section: Dry Deposition and Sedimentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earth System Chemistry integrated Modelling (ESCiMo) with the Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy) version 2.51

et al. 2016

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“…Hg dry deposition is treated according to the approach developed by Wesely (1989) and calculated as described in Lin et al (2006). Wet deposition (in-cloud and below-cloud scavenging) of Hg species has been implemented by adapting an already available module in WRF/Chem, based on the approach described by Neu and Prather (2012).…”

Section: Models Description and Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity model study of regional mercury dispersion in the atmosphere

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Atmospheric deposition is the most important pathway by which Hg reaches marine ecosystems, where it can be methylated and enter the base of food chain. The deposition, transport and chemical interactions of atmospheric Hg have been simulated over Europe for the year 2013 in the framework of the Global Mercury Observation System (GMOS) project, performing 14 different model sensitivity tests using two high-resolution three-dimensional chemical transport models (CTMs), varying the anthropogenic emission datasets, atmospheric Br input fields, Hg oxidation schemes and modelling domain boundary condition input. Sensitivity simulation results were compared with observations from 28 monitoring sites in Europe to assess model performance and particularly to analyse the influence of anthropogenic emission speciation and the Hg 0 (g) atmospheric oxidation mechanism. The contribution of anthropogenic Hg emissions, their speciation and vertical distribution are crucial to the simulated concentration and deposition fields, as is also the choice of Hg 0 (g) oxidation pathway. The areas most sensitive to changes in Hg emission speciation and the emission vertical distribution are those near major sources, but also the Aegean and the Black seas, the English Channel, the Skagerrak Strait and the northern German coast. Considerable influence was found also evident over the Mediterranean, the North Sea and Baltic Sea and some influence is seen over continental Europe, while this difference is least over the north-western part of the modelling domain, which includes the Norwegian Sea and Iceland. The Br oxidation pathway produces more Hg II (g) in the lower model levels, but overall wet deposition is lower in comparison to the simulations which employ an O 3 / OH oxidation mechanism. The necessity to perform continuous measurements of speciated Hg and to investigate the local impacts of Hg emissions and deposition, as well as interactions dependent on land use and vegetation, forests, peat bogs, etc., is highlighted in this study.

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“…The wet deposition scheme includes scavenging of aerosols and soluble gases in wet convective updrafts, incloud scavenging by cloud droplets or ice crysals, and belowcloud scavenging by precipitation . Dry deposition is simulated with a resistance in series scheme (Weseley, 1989), with surface resistances for sulfate, nitrate and ammonium aerosols as described by Zhang et al (2001).…”

Section: Geos-chem Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of nitrate, sulfate, and ammonium aerosols over the United States

et al. 2012

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Abstract. Atmospheric concentrations of inorganic gases and aerosols (nitrate, sulfate, and ammonium) are simulated for 2009 over the United States using the chemical transport model GEOS-Chem. Predicted aerosol concentrations are compared with surface-level measurement data from the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE), the Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNET), and the California Air Resources Board (CARB). Sulfate predictions nationwide are in reasonably good agreement with observations, while nitrate and ammonium are over-predicted in the East and Midwest, but underpredicted in California, where observed concentrations are the highest in the country. Over-prediction of nitrate in the East and Midwest is consistent with results of recent studies, which suggest that nighttime nitric acid formation by heterogeneous hydrolysis of N 2 O 5 is over-predicted based on current values of the N 2 O 5 uptake coefficient, γ , onto aerosols. After reducing the value of γ by a factor of 10, predicted nitrate levels in the US Midwest and East still remain higher than those measured, and over-prediction of nitrate in this region remains unexplained. Comparison of model predictions with satellite measurements of ammonia from the Tropospheric Emissions Spectrometer (TES) indicates that ammonia emissions in GEOS-Chem are underestimated in California and that the nationwide seasonality applied to ammonia emissions in GEOS-Chem does not represent California very well, particularly underestimating winter emissions. An ammonia sensitivity study indicates that GEOS-Chem simulation of nitrate is ammonia-limited in southern California and much of the state, suggesting that an underestimate of ammonia emissions is likely the main cause for the underprediction of nitrate aerosol in many areas of California. An approximate doubling of ammonia emissions is needed to reproduce observed nitrate concentrations in southern California and in other ammonia sensitive areas of California. However, even a tenfold increase in ammonia emissions yields predicted nitrate concentrations that are still biased low in the central valley of California. The under-prediction of nitrate aerosol in the central valley of California may arise in part from an under-prediction of both ammonia and nitric acid in this region. Since nitrate aerosols are particularly sensitive to mixed layer depths, owing to the gas-particle equilibrium, the nitrate under-prediction could also arise in part from a potential regional overestimate of GEOS-5 mixed layer depths in the central valley due to unresolved topography in this region.

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Parameterization of surface resistances to gaseous dry deposition in regional-scale numerical models

Cited by 2,306 publications

References 36 publications

Earth System Chemistry integrated Modelling (ESCiMo) with the Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy) version 2.51

Earth System Chemistry integrated Modelling (ESCiMo) with the Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy) version 2.51

Sensitivity model study of regional mercury dispersion in the atmosphere

Simulation of nitrate, sulfate, and ammonium aerosols over the United States

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