Parametric adjustment in saccadic eye movements

McLaughlin, Samuel C.

doi:10.3758/bf03210071

Cited by 501 publications

(406 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Their results suggested that FEF and PEF were more activated during voluntary saccades and that the angular gyrus and the precuneus were more activated during reXexive saccades (Mort et al 2003). Furthermore, behavioral studies showed that modiWcation of the amplitudes of reXexive saccades in a saccade adaptation paradigm (McLaughlin 1967) does not inXuence the amplitudes of voluntary saccades, and vice versa (Erkelens and Hulleman 1993;Gaveau et al 2005;Alahyane et al 2007). The cerebellum is an important brain structure in saccadic gain control (Ron and Robinson 1973;Straube and Deubel 1995;Desmurget et al 1998;Barash et al 1999;Straube et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical and cerebellar activation induced by reflexive and voluntary saccades

et al. 2008

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ReXexive saccades are driven by visual stimulation whereas voluntary saccades require volitional control. Behavioral and lesional studies suggest that there are two separate mechanisms involved in the generation of these two types of saccades. This study investigated diVerences in cerebral and cerebellar activation between reXexive and self-paced voluntary saccadic eye movements using functional magnetic resonance imaging. In two experiments (whole brain and cerebellum) using the same paradigm, diVerences in brain activations induced by reXexive and self-paced voluntary saccades were assessed. Direct comparison of the activation patterns showed that the frontal eye Welds, parietal eye Weld, the motion-sensitive area (MT/ V5), the precuneus (V6), and the angular and the cingulate gyri were more activated in reXexive saccades than in voluntary saccades. No signiWcant diVerence in activation was found in the cerebellum. Our results suggest that the alleged separate mechanisms for saccadic control of reXexive and self-paced voluntary are mainly observed in cerebral rather than cerebellar areas.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical and cerebellar activation induced by reflexive and voluntary saccades

et al. 2008

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“…In this behavioral paradigm (McLaughlin 1967), a saccade is detected and the target is displaced either forward or backward as the saccade is launched so the eye appears to under-or overshoot, respectively. After monkeys undergo about 1,000 to 1,500 trials, saccade amplitude is either increased or reduced, respectively, so that most adapted saccades land near the final target.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discharge of Monkey Nucleus Reticularis Tegmenti Pontis Neurons Changes During Saccade Adaptation

Takeichi

Kaneko²,

Fuchs³

2005

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Takeichi, N., C.R.S. Kaneko, and A. F. Fuchs. Discharge of monkey nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis neurons changes during saccade adaptation. J Neurophysiol 94: 1938J Neurophysiol 94: -1951J Neurophysiol 94: , 2005 doi:10.1152/jn.00113.2005. Saccade accuracy is maintained by adaptive mechanisms that continually modify saccade amplitude to reduce dysmetria. Previous studies suggest that adaptation occurs upstream of the caudal fastigial nucleus (CFN), the output of the oculomotor cerebellar vermis but downstream from the superior colliculus (SC). The nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis (NRTP) is a major source of afferents to both the oculomotor vermis and the CFN and in turn receives direct input from the SC. Here we examine the activity of NRTP neurons in four rhesus monkeys during behaviorally induced changes in saccade amplitude to assess whether their discharge might reveal adaptation mechanisms that mediate changes in saccade amplitude. During amplitude decrease adaptation (average, 22%), the gradual reduction of saccade amplitude was accompanied by an increase in the number of spikes in the burst of 19/34 neurons (56%) and no change for 15 neurons (44%). For the neurons that increased their discharge, the additional spikes were added at the beginning of the saccadic burst and adaptation also delayed the peak-firing rate in some neurons. Moreover, after amplitude reduction, the movement fields changed shape in all 15 open field neurons tested. Our data show that saccadic amplitude reduction affects the number of spikes in the burst of more than half of NRTP neurons tested, primarily by increasing burst duration not frequency. Therefore adaptive changes in saccade amplitude are reflected already at a major input to the oculomotor cerebellum.

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“…These trials were pseudorandomly intermixed with the other adaptation trials and were not used for analysis. Saccade adaptation was induced following the paradigm of McLaughlin (1967). Gaze position was measured online.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To stabilize spatial localization, retinal information must be combined with knowledge about the current position of the eye. Saccade targeting can be adaptively adjusted by artificially displacing the saccade target while the eye moves (McLaughlin, 1967;Hopp and Fuchs, 2004;Pélisson et al, 2010). Oculomotor plasticity is paralleled by changes in visual localization that shift the apparent position of visual objects in space (Bahcall and Kowler, 1999;Awater et al, 2005;Bruno and Morrone, 2007;Collins et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye Position Effects in Oculomotor Plasticity and Visual Localization

Zimmermann

Lappe²

2011

J. Neurosci.

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For visual localization to remain accurate across changes of gaze, a signal representing the position of the eye in the orbita is needed to code spatial locations in a reference frame that is independent of retinal displacements. Here we report evidence that the localization of visual objects in space is coded in an extraretinal reference frame. In human subjects, we used outward saccadic adaptation, which can be induced artificially by a systematic displacement of the saccade target. This form of oculomotor plasticity is accompanied by changes in spatial perception, thus highlighting the relevance of saccade metrics for visual localization. We tested the reference frame of outward adaptation for reactive and scanning saccades and visual localization. For scanning saccades, adaptation magnitude was drastically reduced at positions distant from the adapted eye position. Changes in visual localization showed a very similar modulation of eye position. These results suggest that scanning saccade adaptation is encoded in a nonretinotopic reference frame. Eye position effects for reactive saccade adaptation were smaller, and the induced mislocalization did not vary significantly between eye positions. The different modulation of reactive and scanning saccade adaptation supports the idea that oculomotor plasticity can occur at multiple sites in the brain. The findings are also consistent with previous evidence for a stronger influence of scanning saccade adaptation on the visual localization of objects in space.

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Parametric adjustment in saccadic eye movements

Cited by 501 publications

References 14 publications

Cortical and cerebellar activation induced by reflexive and voluntary saccades

Cortical and cerebellar activation induced by reflexive and voluntary saccades

Discharge of Monkey Nucleus Reticularis Tegmenti Pontis Neurons Changes During Saccade Adaptation

Eye Position Effects in Oculomotor Plasticity and Visual Localization

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