Paramoebiasis Associated with Mass Mortality of American Lobster <i>Homarus americanus</i> in Long Island Sound, USA

Mullen, Thomas E.; Russell, Spencer; Tucker, Meghan T.; Maratea, Jennifer; Koerting, Claudia; Hinckley, Lynn; Guise, Sylvain De; Frasca, Salvatore; French, Richard A.; Burrage, Thomas G.; Perkins, Christopher

doi:10.1577/h02-045.1

Cited by 61 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…However, to our knowledge, Koch's postulates have only been fulfilled for 2 species: P. invadens in sea urchins in Nova Scotia (Jones & Scheibling 1985, this study), and Paramoeba/Neoparamoeba perurans in Atlantic salmon in aquaculture , Table 1). This may reflect the difficulty of culturing these amoebae in the first place (Johnson 1977, Mullen et al 2004 or the loss of virulence in culture over time (i.e. reduced infectivity or severity of disease; Jellett & Scheibling 1988b, Kent et al 1988, Zilberg et al 2001.…”

Section: Global Trends In Paramoeba/neoparamoebaassociated Disease Evmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…are opportunistic pathogens, infecting only stressed or diseased individuals. For example, an outbreak of N. pemaquidensis in lobster Homa rus americanus in Long Island Sound, USA, in 1999 was associated with thermal stress and crowding (Mullen et al 2004). In the Canary Islands, P./N.…”

Section: Global Trends In Paramoeba/neoparamoebaassociated Disease Evmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…pemaquidensis or P./N. branchiphila (DouglasHelders et al 2003, Mullen et al 2004, 2010a, Vincent et al 2007. Similarly, Morrison et al (2005) found that only fresh cultures of P./N.…”

Section: Global Trends In Paramoeba/neoparamoebaassociated Disease Evmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validating the identity of Paramoeba invadens, the causative agent of recurrent mass mortality of sea urchins in Nova Scotia, Canada

Feehan¹,

Johnson-Mackinnon²,

Scheibling³

et al. 2013

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Green sea urchins Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis along the coast of Nova Scotia, Canada, suffer mass mortalities from infection by the pathogenic amoeba Paramoeba invadens Jones, 1985. It has been speculated that P. invadens could be a form of Neoparamoeba pema quidensis, a species associated with disease in S. droebachiensis and lobsters in the northeast USA. During a disease outbreak in fall 2011, we isolated amoebae from moribund urchins collected from 4 locations along ~200 km of coastline. In laboratory infection trials, we found that timing and rate of morbidity corresponded to that of similar experiments conducted in the early 1980s, when P. invadens was first identified. All isolates had a similar size and morphology to the original description, including an absence of microscales. Sequences of nuclear SSU rDNA show that disease was caused by one 'species' of amoeba across the range sampled. Phylogenetic analyses prove that P. invadens is not conspecific with N. pemaquidensis, but is a distinct species most closely related to N. branchiphila, a suspected pathogen of sea urchins Diadema aff. antillarum in the Canary Islands, Spain. Morphology and closest phylogenetic affinities suggest that P. invadens would be assignable to the genus Neoparamoeba; however, nuclear SSU rDNA trees show that Neoparamoeba and Paramoeba are phylogenetically inseparable. Therefore, we treat Neoparamoeba as a junior synonym of Paramoeba, with P. invadens retaining that name, and N. pemaquidensis and N. aestuarina reverting to their original names (P. pemaquidensis and P. aestuarina), and with new combinations for N. branchiphila Dykova et al., 2005, and N. perurans Young et al., 2007, namely P. branchiphila comb. nov. and P. perurans comb. nov

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Section: Global Trends In Paramoeba/neoparamoebaassociated Disease Evmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Global Trends In Paramoeba/neoparamoebaassociated Disease Evmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Validating the identity of Paramoeba invadens, the causative agent of recurrent mass mortality of sea urchins in Nova Scotia, Canada

Feehan¹,

Johnson-Mackinnon²,

Scheibling³

et al. 2013

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Trendline and test statistics are from a linear regression on log-transformed data (Mullen et al 2004). The effects of this disease were likely exacerbated by hypoxia and higher water temperatures (ASMFC 2006).…”

Section: Other Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Top-down control of lobster in the Gulf of Maine: insights from local ecological knowledge and research surveys

Boudreau¹,

Worm²

2010

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…As a pathogen, N. pemaquidensis is recognized worldwide as the causative agent of amoebic gill disease (AGD) in sea-farmed salmonids ) and non-salmonid fish hosts (Dyková et al 1995, 1999, 2000. Disease outbreaks in marine invertebrates have also been attributed to N. pemaquidensis in both American lobster Homarus americanus (Mullen et al 2004(Mullen et al , 2005 and green sea urchins Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis (as Paramoeba invadens Jones, 1985;Mullen et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Neoparamoeba pemaquidensis strains: PCR-RFLP of the internal transcribed spacer region from the amoeba and endosymbiont

Caraguel¹,

Donay²,

Frasca³

et al. 2007

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Neoparamoeba pemaquidensis continues to be an ongoing problem for commercial finfish aquaculture and has also sporadically been associated with mass mortalities of commercially relevant marine invertebrates. Despite the ubiquity and importance of this amphizoic amoeba, our understanding of the biology as it applies to host range, pathogenicity, tissue tropism, and geographic distribution is severely lacking. This may stem from the inability of current diagnostic tests based on morphology, immunology, and molecular biology to differentiate strains at the subspecies level. In the present study, we developed a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region that can accurately differentiate amoeba strains of N. pemaquidensis. The investigation focused on the complications of the amoeba ITS microheterogeneity in the development of a subspecies marker and the use of the endosymbiont, Ichthyobodo necator related organism (IRO), ITS region as an alternative marker. The combination of host amoeba and endosymbiont ITS PCR-RFLP analyses was successfully used to correctly identify and characterize an N. pemaquidensis isolate from an outbreak of amoebic gill disease in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar from the west coast of North America (Washington State, USA).

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Paramoebiasis Associated with Mass Mortality of American Lobster Homarus americanus in Long Island Sound, USA

Abstract: porting the assertion that this parasitic paramoeba may be the primary cause of the 1999 lobster mass mortality.

Cited by 61 publications

References 17 publications

Validating the identity of Paramoeba invadens, the causative agent of recurrent mass mortality of sea urchins in Nova Scotia, Canada

Validating the identity of Paramoeba invadens, the causative agent of recurrent mass mortality of sea urchins in Nova Scotia, Canada

Top-down control of lobster in the Gulf of Maine: insights from local ecological knowledge and research surveys

Characterization of Neoparamoeba pemaquidensis strains: PCR-RFLP of the internal transcribed spacer region from the amoeba and endosymbiont

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