Paranormal believers show reduced resting EEG beta band oscillations and inhibitory control than skeptics

Narmashiri, Abdolvahed; Hatami, Javad; Khosrowabadi, Reza; Sohrabi, Ahmad

doi:10.1038/s41598-023-30457-7

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 127 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Finally, the ability to detect the presence or absence of a target holds paramount importance in decision-making, particularly when our perceptions are susceptible to influence from belief systems 22,23 . Therefore, it is advisable to employ visual search as a cognitive function examination to scrutinize many of these beliefs, including paranormal beliefs, which may be afflicted by cognitive defects [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Target Distance from the Visual Field and Increased Age Affect Visual Search Efficiency: Behavioral and Modeling Evidence

Akbari,

Asivandzadehchaharmahali,

Tanha

et al. 2024

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent findings suggest that conjunction visual search can be explained through the serial processing of features. However, the roles of several critical factors, including target location in the visual field and age, have yet to be explored. Given their significance in visual search, we aim to investigate their impact on search time and accuracy in a conjunction visual search task. Participants engaged in target-present and target-absent trials, revealing distinct patterns in search times. In target-present trials, efficient processing was evident with faster search times, while target-absent trials demonstrated longer search times, indicating heightened cognitive load. Participants exhibited prolonged search times in target-absent trials, correlating with set size, while accuracy remained consistent. Conversely, target-present trials showed decreasing accuracy with larger set sizes, indicating increased cognitive load. The study further explores the impact of target distance from the central visual field on conjunction visual processing, revealing increased search times with greater distances and set sizes, emphasizing the intricate interplay between spatial factors and set size in target localization. Age-related dynamics were observed, with increasing age correlating with elevated search times in target-absent trials, suggesting challenges in declaring non-existence. However, accuracy in declaring absence improved with age, demonstrating nuanced interactions with set size. This comprehensive examination contributes to understanding cognitive mechanisms in visual processing.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Target Distance from the Visual Field and Increased Age Affect Visual Search Efficiency: Behavioral and Modeling Evidence

Akbari,

Asivandzadehchaharmahali,

Tanha

et al. 2024

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Research has explored the correlation between cognitive functioning and beliefs in the paranormal [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] . Irwin 13 suggests that paranormal believers might experience cognitive deficiencies, a notion supported by several studies indicating shortcomings across various cognitive domains among this group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paranormal believers are quicker but less accurate in rejecting the presence of the target in conjunction visual search compared to skeptics

Akbari,

Asivandzadehchaharmahali,

Narmashiri

2024

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent studies have shown that paranormal believers may exhibit cognitive dysfunctions, yet their performance in conjunction visual search has not been understood. To address this issue, we examined the performance of both paranormal believers and skeptics in a conjunction visual search task, with particular attention to their search time and accuracy across different set sizes in both target-present (TP) and target-absent (TA) trials. In our study, believers demonstrated a tendency toward fast but also displayed carelessness compared to skeptics when rejecting the presence of the target. Conversely, skeptics exhibited slower search times but showcased greater accuracy both in rejecting the presence of the target and in finding it. Overall, our findings suggest that believers were more quickly and less accurate in rejecting the presence of the target in conjunction visual search compared to skeptics, highlighting potential differences in cognitive processing between the skeptics and believers.

show abstract

“…Cognitive control, comprising both single-mode and dual mechanisms, serves as a fundamental aspect of executive functioning, allowing individuals to regulate behavior and decision-making processes [ 1 – 3 ]. Single-mode cognitive control refers to a uniform strategy used to manage cognitive processes, often assessed through tasks like the Go/No-Go paradigm, which involves the ability to inhibit automatic responses and maintain task goals amidst distracting stimuli [ 4 – 7 ]. Conversely, dual mechanisms of cognitive control encompass two distinct modes: proactive control, which involves the anticipatory allocation of cognitive resources, and reactive control, which involves responding to immediate demands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of stimulus onset asynchrony on cognitive control in healthy adults

Narmashiri

2024

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The efficiency of cognitive control in healthy adults can be influenced by various factors, including the stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) effect and strategy training. To address these issues, our study aims to investigate the impact of SOA on single-mode cognitive control using the Go/No-Go task, as well as the manifestation of proactive control within dual mechanisms of cognitive control through the AX-CPT task. In single-mode cognitive control, extending SOA led to significantly enhanced reaction times (RTs) during Go trials, suggesting improved task performance with increased preparation time. Moreover, the analysis revealed consistently higher accuracy rates in No-Go trials than to Go trials across all SOA levels, indicating robust inhibition processes unaffected by SOA variations. In the dual mechanisms of cognitive control, significant variations in RT and accuracy were observed among different trial types. Notably, participants exhibited superior performance in detecting targets during BY trials and shorter RTs in BX trials, indicative of efficient processing of target stimuli. Conversely, prolonged RTs in AY trials suggest proactive control strategies aimed at maintaining task-relevant information and inhibiting irrelevant responses. Overall, these findings highlight the effect of SOA on single-mode cognitive control and the emergence of proactive control within dual mechanisms of cognitive control in healthy adults.

show abstract

Paranormal believers show reduced resting EEG beta band oscillations and inhibitory control than skeptics

Cited by 7 publications

References 127 publications

Target Distance from the Visual Field and Increased Age Affect Visual Search Efficiency: Behavioral and Modeling Evidence

Target Distance from the Visual Field and Increased Age Affect Visual Search Efficiency: Behavioral and Modeling Evidence

Paranormal believers are quicker but less accurate in rejecting the presence of the target in conjunction visual search compared to skeptics

Effects of stimulus onset asynchrony on cognitive control in healthy adults

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About