Parasitic weeds and allelopathy:from the hypothesis to the proofs

Qasem, J. R.

doi:10.1007/1-4020-4280-9_25

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…Contrary to the effect of I. pauciflora on I. murucoides, variations in the seed proportion of I. murucoides did not exert any allelopathic activity in seed germination of I. pauciflora Why these two similar species (trees, [29]. Early reports have shown that n-hexadecanoic acid diminished seed germination of other species [29,48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Density-dependent effect of allelopathy on germination and seedling emergence in two Ipomoea species

Aguilar-Franco

Flores‐Palacios

Flores-Morales

et al. 2019

Rev. Chil. de Hist. Nat.

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Background Density in inter and intraspecific plant-plant interactions affects the action modes of allelopathy (autotoxicity, negative and positive allelopathy). Some seeds exude compounds that inhibit the germination of others. Ipomoea murucoides and I. pauciflora are sympatric tree species that form patches at the local scale where one or the other dominates, possibly due to allelopathy in the seeds. The objective of this study was to determine the possible density-dependence of the allelopathic effect among seeds of these species through the measure of seed germination and seedling emergence. Methods In both species, allelopathy was measured as: a) germination in mixed sowing of both species at different proportions, b) germination in single-species trials at different densities after adding seed extracts of both species, and c) seedling emergence in seed mixtures of both species sown at different proportions beneath canopies of the two Ipomoea species. Results Seed germination of I. murucoides was increased by the presence of I. pauciflora and diminished at higher densities of its own seeds; however, seed germination of I. pauciflora was not affected by the presence of I. murucoides seeds. The addition of extracts (either from conspecifics or congeneric) diminished the germination of both species and at higher seed densities the germination was lower. Seedling emergence did not depend on the species under which the seeds were sown nor on the density of the seeds. Conclusions The germination experiments evidenced positive allelopathy and/or autotoxicity, while there was no evidence of allelopathic effects in seedling emergence. The allelopathic activity is reported in the seeds of these species for the first time.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Density-dependent effect of allelopathy on germination and seedling emergence in two Ipomoea species

Aguilar-Franco

Flores‐Palacios

Flores-Morales

et al. 2019

Rev. Chil. de Hist. Nat.

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“…Different plant species or cultivars have been reported to be significantly different in their germination stimulatory activity towards broomrape [30,31]. Differences between the efficiency of trap crops were expected since differing in taxonomy, physiology, but mainly the ability to produce germination stimulants [32,33]. In the maize-sunflower rotation experiment, only sunflower grown after N314 showed the lowest number of broomrape attachments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Performance of Maize (Zea mays L.) as Trap Crops for the Management of Sunflower Broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.)

Zhang

et al. 2020

Agronomy

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Sunflower broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) is a weedy root parasite that causes huge damage to sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Trap crop can stimulate parasitic seed germination without attachment in trap crop, and it was considered as economic methods for controlling the parasite. In this study, co-culture and pot experiments were conducted to assess the allelopathic activity of maize (Zea mays L.) to stimulate broomrape seeds germination and to evaluate the performance of maize rotation for reducing sunflower broomrape infection. All the tested maize cultivars could induce sunflower broomrape germination, and the most active maize cultivar was N314, which induced approximately 40% broomrape seeds germination. Rotation of maize significantly reduced broomrape infection on subsequent sunflower and increased sunflower biomass. After cultivated N314 for 3 years, broomrape attachment on sunflower was the lowest (0.8 attachment plant−1), and the dry mass of sunflower shoot (28.7 g plant−1) was approximately twice higher than the sunflower without previous crop. The effectiveness of broomrape management was significantly different among various maize cultivars. Meanwhile, the differences among cultivars were decreased with the years of maize cultivated prolonged. Our results confirmed that maize was significantly effective in reducing the sunflower damage caused by sunflower broomrape and suggested that maize rotation could be included in the integrated management of sunflower broomrape.

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“…Natural chemicals may include seed germination and growth stimulants including those for parasitic weeds. The ability of these chemicals to modify or break down seed dormancy and physiologically activate food transport, and embryo growth and development, or ruling out the over wintering stage of different living organisms, defense mechanisms, parasitic plants attachment and historian invasion to host tissues are examples on their positive effects [83].…”

Section: Germination Stimulantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weed Seed Dormancy: The Ecophysiology and Survival Strategies

Qasem¹

2020

Seed Dormancy and Germination

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This chapter deals with seed dormancy of agricultural weeds, its definitions and types from the physiological and ecological point of view, and physiological and ecological factors inducing dormancy in different weed species. The role of different environmental factors, agricultural practices including herbicides application, selection pressure, and seasonal dormancy, weed density and population regulation, seed phenology, polymorphism, and modifications were emphasized. Factors induce or terminate dormancy and enhance seed germination and dormancy breaking have been mentioned and evaluated in addition to the ecological importance of seed dormancy and herbicide resistance, genetic bases of dormancy, and molecular studies were presented. The role of allelochemicals, stresses, and dormancy and their effects on seed longevity and germination regulation were thoroughly discussed. Dormancy breaking under laboratory conditions, role of plant hormones and other chemicals, and dormancy management in the field were reviewed in addition to information on seed dormancy/longevity and germination stimulants. Seed germination stimulants and inhibitors of parasitic weed and seed dormancy as a weed survival strategy were presented and discussed.

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Parasitic weeds and allelopathy:from the hypothesis to the proofs

Cited by 16 publications

References 145 publications

Density-dependent effect of allelopathy on germination and seedling emergence in two Ipomoea species

Density-dependent effect of allelopathy on germination and seedling emergence in two Ipomoea species

Assessing the Performance of Maize (Zea mays L.) as Trap Crops for the Management of Sunflower Broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.)

Weed Seed Dormancy: The Ecophysiology and Survival Strategies

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