Parent and reduced graphene oxide of different origin in light of neutron scattering

Sheka, E. F.; Natkaniec, I.; Rozhkova, N. N.; Buslaeva, E. Yu.; Tkachev, S. V.; Губин, С. П.; Mel’nikov, V. P.

doi:10.17586/2220-8054-2016-7-1-71-80

Cited by 10 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Thus, infrared absorption [33] and neutron scattering [14,34] showed that synthetic GO forms stacked turbostratic structures that confine water. Just recen tly, a similar picture was obtained from the studies of neutron scattering from two synthetic RGOs [34,35] and shungite carbon [36,37]. Neutron diffraction showed that the characteristic graphite interfacial distance d 002 constitutes, in average, ~0.69 nm in the case of GO and reduces to ~0.35 nm for RGO of both synthetic and natural origin, evidently indicating the recovery of the GO carbon skeleton planarity.…”

Section: Shungite In View Of Graphene Molecular Chemistry Of Graphenesupporting

confidence: 60%

“…The finding is well correlated with the RGO short-packed stacked structure leaving the place for water molecules confinement in pores formed by the stacks. The neutron scattering study has proven the pore location of retained water in shungite [37]. The water can be removed by mild heating thus dividing shungite carbon into 'wet' and 'dried'.…”

Section: Shungite In View Of Graphene Molecular Chemistry Of Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neutron diffraction showed that the characteristic graphite interfacial distance d 002 constitutes, in average, ~0.69 nm in the case of GO and reduces to ~0.35 nm for RGO of both synthetic and natural origin, evidently indicating the recovery of the GO carbon skeleton planarity. The characteristic diffraction peaks of shungite are considerably broadened in comparison with those of graphite, which allows for estimating approximate thickness of the stacks of ~1.5 nm [37] that corresponds to five-six-layered RGO sheets. Figure 4a shows stacks of RGO nanosheets of C 66 O 1 H 21 atomic composition that form the secondary structure of shungite.…”

Section: Shungite In View Of Graphene Molecular Chemistry Of Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

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Reduced Graphene Oxide and Its Natural Counterpart Shungite Carbon

Sheka¹

2017

Int J Nanomater Nanotechnol Nanomed

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Large variety of structure and chemical-composition of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) is explained from a quantum-chemical standpoint. The related molecular theory of graphene oxide, supported by large experience gained by the modern graphene science, has led the foundation of the concept of a multi-stage graphene oxide reduction. This microscopic approach has found a defi nite confi rmation when analyzing the available empirical data concerning both synthetic and natural RGO products, the latter in view of shungite carbon, suggesting the atomic-microscopic model for its structure.

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Section: Shungite In View Of Graphene Molecular Chemistry Of Graphenesupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Shungite In View Of Graphene Molecular Chemistry Of Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Shungite In View Of Graphene Molecular Chemistry Of Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

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Reduced Graphene Oxide and Its Natural Counterpart Shungite Carbon

Sheka¹

2017

Int J Nanomater Nanotechnol Nanomed

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“…Neutron scattering study, both elastic and inelastic, providing the recording of NPD and INS signals, respectively, was carried out at the high flux pulsed IBR-2 reactor of the Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics of JINR by using NERA spectrometer [13]. The detailed description of the neutron experiment is given elsewhere [14]. XRPD data were obtained by using a standard Shimadzu XRD-6000 diffractometer.…”

Section: Tem Of Middle and High Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3c for XRPD only, since intense Al(310) reflex of cryostat does not allow a reliable extraction of the peak from the NPD data. The only attempt has been undertaken for ShC [14]. The XRPD reflexes are low-intense and quite noisy due to which they are presented in the figure by trend lines.…”

Section: Tem Of Middle and High Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

sp amorphous carbons in view of multianalytical consideration: Normal, expeсted and new

Golubev

Rozhkova

Кабачков

et al. 2019

Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids

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The suggested approach "Selected set of samples + selected set of analytical tools" occurred quite efficient when applying to sp 2 amorphous carbons, thus providing a transformation of 'amorphous' representation of the issue, based on particulars, into a 'crystalline' one based on a limited set of fixed commonalities. The slogan first part implies a set of different-origin solid samples. The second part concerns analytical tools, the most suitable to achieve the goal. The parts combining means the application of each tool to the whole set of samples. In the current study, two natural sp 2 amorphous carbons, namely, shungite carbon and antraxolite, as well as two engineered products -carbon blacks CB632 and CB624, all of the four bodies belonging to the elitist highest-carbon-content sp 2 species, were subjected to analytical study by using modern structural and compositional analytical techniques. The approach has allowed disclosing the following steady points that are common to the whole class of this carbon allotrope and that may lay the foundation of consolidate, more 'crystalline' representation of what are sp 2 amorphous carbons:1. sp 2 Amorphous carbons are products of particular chemical reactions related to their basic structural units. Further macroscopic agglomeration of the latter plays a subsidiary role. 2. The units represent framed graphene molecules of 1-2 nm and 1-x*10 (x=1-3) nm in size in the case of natural and engineered products, respectively.3. Framing of graphene molecules, predominantly incomplete with respect to the number of vacant places, concerns only edge atoms and is implemented by the related chemical additives, such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and halogens which are attached to the carbon core via chemical bonding. 4. The molecules small size provides a countable number of newly formed chemical bonds.INS and XPS allow attributing the bonds to chemical compositions restricted by number while QCh ensures reliable support. 5. Temperature and pressure as well as physical state and chemical content of surrounding media are the main factors governing geochemistry and technical chemistry of carbon products. 6. Graphene molecules, laying the foundation of sp 2 amorphous carbons, are strongly radicalized due to which the latter acquire a new facet in the space of their properties, being the largest repository of stable radicals.

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Computationally Supported Neutron Scattering Study of Parent and Chemically Reduced Graphene Oxide

et al. 2015

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Synthetic graphene oxide (GO) as well as the product of its reducing performed in the regime of hydrogenolysis (rGO) were studied by both elastic and inelastic neutron scattering at low and room temperature conditions. The neutron diffraction patterns were analyzed to confirm stacking structures of both species consisting of 2−3 and ∼7 layers of microsize lateral dimension and the interlayer distances of 7 and 3.5 Å, respectively. The inelastic incoherent neutron scattering spectra were analyzed in the frame of the computationally supported one-phonon amplitude-weighted density of vibrational states G(ω) approximation. Calculations of G(ω) spectra were performed in the framework of semilocal density functional theory. The computational models were adjusted to the atom mass content of both GO and rGO species. The presented study has revealed the retained water in the freshly made GO, corresponding to the relatively low humidity, which further reacts with the oxygen-containing groups at the GO basal planes. The reaction results in the formation of hydroxyls chemically bound to the GO core in the course of the prolong storage of the product under ambient conditions. The analysis of the rGO G(ω) spectrum has disclosed the chemical composition of its circumference attributing the latter to sets of CH units with a minor presence of atomic oxygen.

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Parent and reduced graphene oxide of different origin in light of neutron scattering

Cited by 10 publications

References 28 publications

Reduced Graphene Oxide and Its Natural Counterpart Shungite Carbon

Reduced Graphene Oxide and Its Natural Counterpart Shungite Carbon

sp amorphous carbons in view of multianalytical consideration: Normal, expeсted and new

Computationally Supported Neutron Scattering Study of Parent and Chemically Reduced Graphene Oxide

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