Parental Awareness, Attitude, and Acceptability of the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is a significant public health concern linked to various cancers and genital warts. Despite the availability of effective vaccines, vaccination rates remain suboptimal in many regions. Understanding parental awareness, attitudes, and acceptability of the HPV vaccine is critical for developing targeted interventions to increase vaccination uptake. ObjectiveThis study aims to assess parental awareness, attitudes, and acceptability of the HPV vaccine in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and identify factors influencing their decision-making regarding HPV vaccination for their children. MethodsAn analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, in 2023. The calculated sample size was 420 parents. Eligible parents with at least one female child aged from nine to 18 years old were invited to participate in the study. A structured questionnaire was administered to parents, collecting data on demographics, knowledge of HPV and its vaccine, attitudes toward vaccination, and reasons for vaccine acceptability or hesitancy. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, and inferential statistics were applied to identify associations between demographic factors and vaccine acceptability. ResultsThe study included a diverse sample of parents. Approximately 153 (35.9%) of participants believed the HPV vaccine was effective, while 129 (30.3%) felt the benefits outweighed the risks. Common reasons for vaccinating included protection against sexually transmitted diseases (159, 37.3%) and genital cancers (178, 41.8%). Hesitancy was primarily due to fear of adverse effects (141, 33.1%) and insufficient information (84, 19.7%). Statistical analysis revealed significant correlations between vaccine acceptability and parental education level, employment status, and personal vaccination history. ConclusionThe findings highlight a moderate level of awareness and acceptability of the HPV vaccine among parents in Jeddah. Educational interventions focusing on vaccine safety and efficacy are essential to address misconceptions and increase vaccination rates. Further research should explore tailored strategies to enhance parental acceptance of HPV vaccination in similar contexts.