Parental smoking and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke are associated with waterpipe smoking among youth: results from a national survey in Lebanon

Waterpipe smoking among secondary school students in Hong Kong

“…This finding is different from a previous study which found no relationship between waterpipe smoking and self-perceived family financial status among Lebanese school students (Jawad et al 2015b). A potential explanation might be that the waterpipe marketing in Hong Kong (e.g., lounges and retailers) mainly target people with high socioeconomic status.…”

“…Cigarette smoking is the most important predictor of waterpipe use among adolescents (Barnett et al 2009;Jawad et al 2015a, b;Minaker et al 2015;Palamar et al 2014;Smith et al 2011;Weglicki et al 2008). Other factors include male sex (Barnett et al 2009;Jawad et al 2015a;Minaker et al 2015;Palamar et al 2014), older age or higher grade level (Barnett et al 2009;Jawad et al 2015b;Smith et al 2011;Weglicki et al 2008), peer smoking (Jawad et al 2013(Jawad et al , 2015aRoohafza et al 2011), parental smoking (Jawad et al 2013(Jawad et al , 2015a, alcohol consumption (Chan et al 2011;Czoli et al 2013;Palamar et al 2014), marijuana use (Chan et al 2011;Czoli et al 2013;Palamar et al 2014), other tobacco product use (Amrock et al 2014;Jawad et al 2013), and positive attitudes toward smoking (Barnett et al 2009).…”

Integrating the impact of cigarette and waterpipe tobacco use among adolescents in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: a cross-sectional, population-level model of toxicant exposure

“…In the second step, among group users, Maziak et al 35 also reported the proportion of those who shared the same pipe in each session. In the third step, among group users who shared the same pipe in each session, Jawad et al, 23 a study among Lebanese adolescents, reported the number who usually shared their pipe as one, two, three, more than three people. The following assumptions about these two studies were made: For Maziak et al: 35 ▸ Adults have the same group behaviours as adolescents; ▸ Syrians have the same group behaviours as all EMR populations;…”

Now is the time to advocate for interventions designed specifically to prevent and control waterpipe tobacco smoking

“…This increased attention to labeling likely is necessary, as many users who frequent hookah cafés may never see tobacco/charcoal packaging. There is a small literature addressing this point, and more research clearly is needed (e.g., Islam et al, 2016; Jawad et al, 2015b; Mohammed, 2013; Nakkash et al, 2011). Text-only versus graphic warning labels have been investigated with waterpipe users using an online-questionnaire (Mohammed, 2013).…”

“…Compared to text-only, graphic warnings elicited unfavorable emotional reactions, increased beliefs that WTS is harmful to their own health and also dangerous to non-users, and revealed higher quit intentions (Mohammed, 2013). Health warnings were more impactful as the warnings were large and decreased the pack branding; warnings at the point of consumption were reported to be more impactful compared to warnings at the point of sale (Jawad et al, 2015b). In the first study to test waterpipe-specific warning labels and location on the device, text-only messages and pictorial labels warning about harm to children were most effective in motivating waterpipe smokers to consider quitting, and the base, mouthpiece and stem of the apparatus were all equally noticeable locations for a warning label (Islam et al, 2016).…”