Parental Smoking and the Risk of Childhood Asthma

Bener, Abdülbari; Facharzt, A. R. Al-Frayh; Al-Jawadi, T. Q.

doi:10.3109/02770909109073385

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Other studies have also found significant associations between persistent cough and parental smoking [2,13,22] between bronchial asthma and parental smoking [6,8,11,12,14,15,17,23,24]. Our demonstration that passive smoking significantly affects wheezy bronchitis is consistent with results obtained in a representative survey of schoolchildren in different parts of the world [1,6,11,17,18,25].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…However, a few studies have included all four symptoms of wheeze, cough, asthma and bronchitis [18,24]. In this study we have included all four symptoms of wheeze, cough, asthma, and bronchitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies in schoolchildren have shown a significant association between parental smoking and the risk of childhood asthma, chronic cough, occurrence of wheeze and respiratory conditions [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Evidence is accumulating of a relationship between parents smoking and respiratory symptoms in children [24].The aim of the present investigation was to study the association between passive smoking and diagnosed wheezy bronchitis in Saudi schoolchildren; in addition, to confirm the harmful effects of parental smoking habits on respiratory symptoms in children. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Passive Smoking Effects on Wheezy Bronchitis

Bener

Al-Frayh

Ozkaragoz³

et al. 1993

Ann Saudi Med

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Previous epidemiological studies have associated parental smoking with an increased incidence of lower respiratory illness and bronchial asthma. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between parental smoking habits and diagnosed wheezy bronchitis in schoolchildren in Saudi Arabia. In a cross-sectional study 3,041 schoolchildren ages seven to 12 years were randomly selected in Dammam, Jeddah, and Riyadh; representing three different geoclimatic regions of Saudi Arabia. Standardized questionnaires were used in our study. The results showed that paternal smoking had a significant effect on the frequency of wheezing when paternal and maternal smoking were considered separately. There was no considerable variation in the parental smoking habits in three areas. The association between passive smoking and diagnosed wheezy bronchitis and frequency of wheezing attacks was. highly significant (P<0.0001). Overall, the results tend to confirm that there is a real effect of passive smoking on the respiratory health of children and that parental smoking is a risk factor for wheezy bronchitis in children. Ann Saudi Med 1993;13(3):222-225. Epidemiological research evidence from different parts of the world has stressed the hazards of cigarette smoking as an important factor in the cause of respiratory symptoms in children and adults [1][2][3][4]. Passive smoking is associated with increased prevalence and severity of asthma and wheezy bronchitis in children [2-8] and increased respiratory illness and incidence of bronchitis in infants [9,10].Among the harmful effects postulated for passive smoking is an association between parental smoking and bronchial asthma, wheezing, dry cough, and other respiratory symptoms in children [11][12][13][14][15][16]. Effects of parental smoking have also been detected in schoolchildren. The most important risk factor for the development of chronic respiratory symptoms, childhood asthma, chronic cough, and wheezing is cigarette smoking [17,18]. Studies in schoolchildren have shown a significant association between parental smoking and the risk of childhood asthma, chronic cough, occurrence of wheeze and respiratory conditions [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Evidence is accumulating of a relationship between parents smoking and respiratory symptoms in children [24].The aim of the present investigation was to study the association between passive smoking and diagnosed wheezy bronchitis in Saudi schoolchildren; in addition, to confirm the harmful effects of parental smoking habits on respiratory symptoms in children. Material and MethodsThe schoolchildren studied were the subjects of a cross-sectional population study conducted in three different regions: Riyadh, Dammam, and Jeddah, cities of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, between January 1987 and February 1989. Three regions were chosen because they represented three various geoclimatic regions of Saudi Arabia: Riyadh, which has a dry climate, is the capital of Saudi Arabia and has a population of 2.5 m...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Passive Smoking Effects on Wheezy Bronchitis

Bener

Al-Frayh

Ozkaragoz³

et al. 1993

Ann Saudi Med

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“…Many studies have investigated the levels of passive smoking [12][13][14] in children. Murray and Morrison [20] compared the lung function of 247 children of mothers whose smoking habits were recorded by questionnaire.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evans et al [13] reported that passive smoking was positively associated with emergency room visits by asthmatic children. More recently Bener et al [14] undertook a cross-sectional study of 3300 school children and reported a significant link between parental smoking and asthma. A similar observation was reported independently by Martineze/ al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive smoking amongst asthmatic children. Questionnaire or objective assessment?

Clark¹,

Warner²,

Dean³

1994

Clin Experimental Allergy

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An increasing number of studies have implicated passive smoking as a definite threat to non-smokers' health. Self-reports of smoking status may not always be reliable, particularly in situations where the smoker feels under pressure to give up smoking. In this study questionnaire and salivary cotinine, an objective measure of nicotine exposure, were studied in asthmatic and age-matched control children. We have consequently developed a sensitive assay for cotinine using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to quantitate environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure in a group of 5- to 7-year-old asthmatic and control children. We chose to use mixed unstimulated saliva collected by absorption into dental rolls in the mouth for 5 min. Our modified extraction procedure was highly reproducible with a > 90% retrieval rate of cotinine from spiked saliva. The parents were asked to fill in a questionnaire on atmospheric pollutants to obtain an estimate of declared ETS exposure in the home. Results showed that 31% of the asthmatic patients were exposed to ETS, according to the parents, but by HPLC 69% had been so exposed (n = 19). From the control group the figures were 40% and 50% of patients, respectively. Therefore, an objective assessment is essential as ETS is more ubiquitous than is apparent from the questionnaire alone. Finally, in this small number of individuals our objective assessment demonstrates that ETS exposure is more prevalent in asthmatic children (69%) than age-matched controls (51%).

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Prevalence of asthma among Emirates school children

Bener

Abdulrazzaq²,

DeBuse³

et al. 1994

Eur J Epidemiol

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The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of asthma among United Arab Emirates school children aged 6-14 years. A cross-sectional study of 850 school children living in both urban and rural areas (average age 9.36 +/- 2.11 years, 46.8% boys and 53.2% girls) was conducted using self-administered questionnaires between October 1992 and May 1993. The population sample had a high prevalence rate of diagnosed asthma (13.6%), breathlessness or tightness in chest (9.7%), allergic rhinitis (22.9%), and nocturnal cough (8.9%). Allergic rhinitis was the most frequently seen respiratory illness when compared to other respiratory symptoms. The frequency of asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema among parents reflected the same pattern as that seen in the children. Prevalence rate of asthma was not significantly higher in fathers (5.9%) than in mothers (5.3%). The differences between the sexes were not significant in any of the age group studied for any of the allergic conditions, except for diagnosed asthma in which the prevalence rate in males was significantly higher than that in females. On the whole, the prevalence rate of all the conditions increased with age. But the frequency of allergic rhinitis symptoms was significantly higher in mothers (16%) than in fathers (10.8%). These results are consistent with those obtained in neighbouring gulf countries and are higher than those of some developed countries, but the differences are not statistically significant.

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Parental Smoking and the Risk of Childhood Asthma

Cited by 19 publications

References 16 publications

Passive Smoking Effects on Wheezy Bronchitis

Passive Smoking Effects on Wheezy Bronchitis

Passive smoking amongst asthmatic children. Questionnaire or objective assessment?

Prevalence of asthma among Emirates school children

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