Parental Time Poverty, Child Work and School Attendance in Ghana

Martey, Edward; Etwire, Prince Maxwell; Koomson, Isaac

doi:10.1007/s12187-022-09926-4

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Unlike the PSM method, the IPWRA has a double-robust attribute that generates average treatment-level expected outcomes using weighted regression coefficients (Etwire et al. , 2022; Martey et al. , 2022; Wooldridge, 2008).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Existing studies have used this method as a robustness check on IV results or when external instruments are not available (Koomson et al. , 2021a; Martey et al. , 2022).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To ensure consistency in our estimates from the PSM method, we applied four different matching techniques as well as an inverse-probability-weighted regression adjustment (IPWRA) method and report the results in Table 4. Unlike the PSM method, the IPWRA has a double-robust attribute that generates average treatment-level expected outcomes using weighted regression coefficients (Etwire et al, 2022;Martey et al, 2022;Wooldridge, 2008). The PSM result for all countries in Column 1, shows that, the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) for the effect of MoMo adoption on entrepreneurship ranges from 6.2 to 8.3 percentage points.…”

Section: Robustness/sensitivity Checksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our second test is the use of the Lewbel 2SLS method, with results presented in Table 5. Existing studies have used this method as a robustness check on IV results or when external instruments are not available (Koomson et al, 2021a;Martey et al, 2022). In Panel A, we report estimates from the models that used internal instruments only while in Panel B, we present results from models that combined the internally generated instruments with our distance to the nearest MoMo agent instrument.…”

Section: Robustness/sensitivity Checksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mobile money and entrepreneurship in East Africa: the mediating roles of digital savings and access to digital credit

Koomson

Martey²,

Etwire³

2022

ITP

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PurposeThis study aims to examine the comparative link between mobile money (MoMo) and entrepreneurship in East Africa. Apart from analysing the data to examine locational, gender and age heterogeneities in the MoMo–entrepreneurship nexus, the authors explore the potential roles of digital savings and access to digital credit in serving as transmission channels in the link between MoMo adoption and entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses nationally representative samples from Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda which were extracted from the fifth wave of the InterMedia Financial Inclusion Insights (FII) Program. The authors employ a suite of quasi-experimental microeconometric techniques—standard instrumental variable estimation, Lewbel two-stage least squares (2SLS) and propensity score matching.FindingsOverall, the authors’ preferred endogeneity-corrected result suggests that adopters of MoMo are 24.4 percentage points more likely to engage in entrepreneurship. This result is robust to alternative ways of conceptualising MoMo adoption and different methods used in resolving endogeneity. The association between MoMo and entrepreneurship is stronger in Kenya compared to Uganda and not significant in Tanzania. The significant positive association between MoMo and entrepreneurship is observed among women and rural residents and not for their male and urban-located counterparts. MoMo significantly enhances entrepreneurship among the youth and adults but not the elderly. Digital savings and access to digital credit serve as important channels through which FinTech adoption influences entrepreneurship.Practical implicationsThe entrepreneurship-enhancing effect of MoMo adoption can be extended to discuss the possibility of employing MoMo as a policy tool to contribute to the attainment of Sustainable Development Goal (SGD) 8 which seeks to ensure full and productive employment and decent work for all. Incomes that accrue from entrepreneurial activities can also increase households' purchasing power to decrease poverty (SDG 1), reduce food insecurity (SDG 2) and provide resources needed to purchase clean and modern cooking and lighting fuels (SGD 7).Social implicationsThe growing rate of unemployment and vulnerable employment in Africa has been an issue of concern to policy makers. These problems have been caused by the inability of policy makers to create adequate jobs. The study’s findings show that policies geared towards enhancing the diffusion of MoMo can augment efforts being made by governments to decrease the unemployment rate in Africa through increased entrepreneurship. The employment effect of MoMo can also be realised through the emergence of digital entrepreneurship which has been identified as having the potential to transform African economies to knowledge-based economies for sustainable development.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the MoMo literature by deviating from the focus of existing studies which have emphasised more on the intermediate outcome (performance) and less on the immediate (i.e. entrepreneurship or small business venturing). This helps to highlight the entrepreneurship effect of MoMo which has evolved from a simple peer-to-peer payment system to a complex one that provides savings, credit, insurance and other products.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Existing studies have used this method as a robustness check on IV results or when external instruments are not available (Koomson et al. , 2021a; Martey et al. , 2022).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Robustness/sensitivity Checksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Robustness/sensitivity Checksmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Mobile money and entrepreneurship in East Africa: the mediating roles of digital savings and access to digital credit

Koomson

Martey²,

Etwire³

2022

ITP

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“…Following previous studies (Awaworyi Churchill & Marisetty, 2020;Martey et al, 2022), the robustness of our standard 2SLS estimates are assessed using the Lewbel (2012) 2SLS technique which employs heteroskedasticity in the data to generate internal instruments for the 2SLS regression. The Lewbel (2012) method also allows for a combination of internal and external instrument and has been applied in previous studies (Awaworyi Churchill & Marisetty, 2020;Koomson & Danquah, 2021).…”

Section: Lewbel 2slsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can financial inclusion improve children’s learning outcomes and late school enrolment in a developing country?

Koomson

Afoakwah

2022

Applied Economics

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This study uses comprehensive household data from Ghana to examine the link between financial inclusion and children's learning outcomes and late school enrolment. After resolving endogeneity, we find that a standard deviation increase in financial inclusion is associated with 0.7882 to 0.9504 standard deviations increase in children's learning outcomes. It also reduces late school enrolment by 0.9493 standard deviation. Financial inclusion enhances learning and schooling outcomes more for girls and urban children. These findings are robust to different indicators of learning outcomes and alternative approaches to addressing endogeneity. Parents' ability to spend on extra classes and on books and other school-related supplies serve as possible channels through which financial inclusion affects children's educational outcomes.

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Walking for water and fuelwood: Welfare implications for women and children in Ghana

Lambon‐Quayefio

2023

J of Intl Development

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In most sub‐Saharan African (SSA) countries, the burden of collecting fuelwood and water is gendered. Competing needs for women's time compel them to make choices, which present challenges for poverty reduction. The study investigates the impact of women's limited access to clean fuel and water on children's and women's welfare outcomes using the third wave of the Ghana socio‐economic panel survey. An instrumental variable approach is employed to address the endogeneity of women's time allocation and results suggest that limited access to safe water and clean fuel has significant implications for children's human capital development. I find similar negative effects for women's own health and labour market outcomes. Findings from the study have important policy implications regarding the provision of basic infrastructure for improved welfare outcomes.

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Parental Time Poverty, Child Work and School Attendance in Ghana

Cited by 19 publications

References 26 publications

Mobile money and entrepreneurship in East Africa: the mediating roles of digital savings and access to digital credit

Mobile money and entrepreneurship in East Africa: the mediating roles of digital savings and access to digital credit

Can financial inclusion improve children’s learning outcomes and late school enrolment in a developing country?

Walking for water and fuelwood: Welfare implications for women and children in Ghana

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