Parenting Practices in Vietnam: An Investigation of the Psychometric Properties of the PBS-S and PCS

Abstract

The authors have no funding to report. Author contributions: Martijn Van Heel and Ba Tuan Vu were involved in the conceptualization of the study. Dung Tien Hoang collected the data. Martijn Van Heel drafted the article and Ba Tuan Vu, Guy Bosmans, Katja Petry, and Karla Van Leeuwen revised the manuscript.

Parental Burnout Reduces Primary Students' Academic Outcomes: A Multi-Mediator Model of Mindful Parenting and Parental Behavioral Control

“…On the other hand, Roskam et al (2017) suggested that parents who experience parental burnout may view their children as a source of problems, they become emotionally distancing toward their offsprings, and their caring behaviors focus more on practicality than showing affection. These solutions can have consequences on the offsprings’ emotions and behaviors which negatively affect their academic outcomes (Bakoula et al, 2009; Van Heel et al, 2019). Baumrind's parenting styles theory (1991) can help explain this pathway.…”

“…The Parental Behavior Scale (PBS) was used to measure parental behavioral control (Van Leeuwen & Vermulst, 2004, 2010). Van Heel et al (2019) translated and validated the PBS in Vietnamese, consisting of 25 questions divided into five subscales. PBS was split into two components: parental support and parental behavioral control (Van Heel et al, 2019).…”

“…Van Heel et al (2019) translated and validated the PBS in Vietnamese, consisting of 25 questions divided into five subscales. PBS was split into two components: parental support and parental behavioral control (Van Heel et al, 2019). The parental behavioral control contains Discipline (four items, e.g., “ When my child has been disobedient, I give him/her a chore as punishment ”) and Harsh Punishment (five items, e.g., “ I spank my child when he/she is disobedient or naughty ”).…”

“…Researchers have focused more on parenting traits such as behavior control, psychological control, and parental warmthness, and their effects on children's development, including academic achievement (Holden, 2009). Parental behavioral control included parenting behaviors such as trying to control, manage or correct a child's behavior through disciplinary strategies, controlling rewards, and harsh punishments (Barber, 2002; Van Heel et al, 2019).…”

Comparing attachment across cultures, child gender, age, and parental gender: Vietnamese versus Belgian adolescents’ self-reported attachment anxiety and avoidance.

“…Then we tested whether the short ECR-RC had the same factor structure as what has been reported in the international literature (e.g., Brenning et al, 2014; Marci et al, 2019). Prior psychometric research in Vietnam has shown that the parenting environment can affect youngsters’ interpretation of items and hence change questionnaires’ factor structure (Van Heel et al, 2019; Vu et al, 2022). Hence, it is possible that this would happen for the items of the short ECR-RC as well, pointing to the importance of studying the factor structure of the ECR-RC in Vietnam.…”