Parents’ perspectives on the value of assistance dogs for children with autism spectrum disorder: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

ObjectiveWhile there is an emerging literature on the usefulness of assistance dogs for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), there is a dearth of quantitative data on the value of assistance dog interventions for the family unit and family functioning. Using previously validated scales and scales developed specifically for this study, we measured parents’/guardians’ perceptions of how having an assistance dog affects: (1) child safety from environmental dangers, (2) public reception of ASD and (3) levels of caregiver strain and sense of competence. We also obtained open-ended response data from parents/guardians on benefits and constraints of having an assistance dog.SettingThis study was based in the primary care setting, within the context of a specific accredited assistance dog centre in Ireland.ParticipantsA total of 134 parents/guardians with an assistance dog, and 87 parents of children on the waiting list were surveyed.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome measures were scores on environmental hazards and public reception scales. The secondary outcome measures were scores on caregiver strain and competence scales.ResultsParents/guardians of children who have ASD and an assistance dog rate their child as significantly safer from environmental dangers (p<0.001), perceive that the public act more respectfully and responsibly towards their child (p<0.001) and feel more competent about managing their child (p=0.023) compared with parents on the waiting list. There was a concentration of positive feeling towards assistance dog interventions with particular focus on safety and comfort for children, and a sense of freedom from family restrictions associated with ASD. The amount of dedication and commitment required to care for a dog were viewed as the primary constraints.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that parents perceive that assistance dog interventions can be a valuable intervention for families with children who have ASD.

What effect does participating in an assistance dog program have on the quality of life of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders and their caregivers? A systematic review of current literature

“…Six of the included studies used a qualitative design (see Alison, 2010;Burgoyne, Dowling, Fitzgerald, Connolly, Browne, & Perry, 2014;Burrows et al, 2008;Fung, 2015;Smyth & Slevin, 2010;Solomon, 2010), three used a quantitative design (see Funahashi, Gruebler, Aoki, Kadone, & Suzuki, 2014;Silva, Correia, Lima, Magalhaes, & Sousa, 2011;Viau et al, 2010) and one used a mixed-methods design (see Wild, 2012). The publication dates of the included studies ranged from 2008 to 2015.…”

“…The publication dates of the included studies ranged from 2008 to 2015. Sample sizes of included studies varied from one to 221, with the majority of studies having fewer than ten participants (see Burgoyne et al, 2014;Viau et al, 2010;Wild, 2012). All studies focused on children with ASD, and their caregivers.…”

Can a dog be used as a motivator to develop social interaction and engagement with teachers for students with autism?

“…67-68) The idea of 'social lubricant' links also to Winnicott's (1953) concept of 'transitional objects,' with children perhaps establishing bonds with dogs which can then be extended to humans (Katcher, 2000). Many anecdotal reports, and several research studies, have since indicated the potential of assistance dogs within families to motivate children with autism into enhanced, albeit circumscribed, more social behaviours, as well as potentially increasing calmness and parental feelings of competence, and providing an element of safety and security (Burrows et al, 2008, Solomon, 2010Grandgeorge et al, 2012;Burgoyne et al, 2014). However, research findings are mixed and anecdotal reports often subjectively positive.…”

Pet Dogs Improve Family Functioning and Reduce Anxiety in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

“…One recent study highlighted how an assistance dog can promote family functioning by allowing for normal family routines and behaviors, such as shopping together as a family (Burgoyne et al 2014). The present study supports and extends these findings, showing that a pet dog (as opposed to a trained assistance dog) can also improve family functioning, by increasing family strengths.…”