Parthenogenic Activation of Pig Oocytes by Protein Kinase Inhibition1

Mayes, Mario A.; Stogsdill, P. L.; Prather, Randall S.

doi:10.1095/biolreprod53.2.270

Cited by 43 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Cortical granule exocytosis followed very quickly after the activating stimulus . The exocytosis of cortical granules does not always accompany oocyte activation by artificial activating stimuli, and this was the case, for example, when activation had been induced by the inhibition of protein kinases (Mayes et al, 1995). These observations are in agreement with those of Sun et al (1997), who proved that the activation of oocytes and the exocytosis of cortical granules were independent processes.…”

Section: Does Nitric Oxide Activate Mammalian Oocytes?supporting

confidence: 85%

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The role of nitric oxide in parthenogenetic activation of pig oocytes: A review

Petr¹,

Eva²,

Tůmová³

et al. 2007

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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Parthenogenetic activation of mammalian oocytes with artificial stimuli is commonly applied in various reproductive biotechniques, e.g. cloning using nuclear transfer. For this reason, many studies focus on oocyte activation in vitro. Recently we have described the activation of pig oocytes using nitric oxide. This activating stimulus is very specific in many aspects. However, it does not provide an adequate stimulus for parthenogenetic development. It was shown that nitric oxide stimulated some signalling pathways which are inactive in conventional treatments for parthenogenetic activation, e.g. the cGMP-dependent signalling cascade. On the other hand, nitric oxide does not stimulate certain signalling pathways involved in oocyte activation after calcium ionophore, e.g. the PKC signalling cascade. The aim of this review is to characterize the complex processes induced in oocytes after treatment with nitric oxide. Perspectives for further research and the application of nitric oxide for parthenogenetic activation of oocytes are outlined.

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Section: Does Nitric Oxide Activate Mammalian Oocytes?supporting

confidence: 85%

“…Some activating protocols are based on the inhibition of certain protein kinases which act downstream on calcium-dependent signalling pathways. These are for example protocols based on the inhibition of kinases inactivated during fertilization through calcium-dependent events (Mayes et al, 1995;Prather et al, 1997;Motlík and Kubelka, 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of nitric oxide in parthenogenetic activation of pig oocytes: A review

Petr¹,

Eva²,

Tůmová³

et al. 2007

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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“…On the contrary, protein kinase inhibition promotes release of MII block in pig eggs. Not only broadspectrum inhibitors [109], but also selective inhibitors for myosin light chain kinase, protein kinase A or protein kinase C induce meiosis resumption and subsequent pronuclear formation [110,111]. In the mouse, repetitive Ca 2+ transients ensure the destruction of cyclin B, a subunit of MPF, during a protracted exit from meiosis [112].…”

Section: Protein Kinase Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Pig Oocyte Maturation and Fertilization

Sun

Nagai

2003

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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Abstract. Since the pig is not only an important farm animal, but also a model animal for biomedical applications, the development of reproductive technologies in this species has been very important. In vitro oocyte maturation and fertilization (IVM-IVF) are basic techniques for a number of oocyte-or embryo-related technologies. The practical aspects for pig oocyte IVM-IVF have been reviewed, while the molecular mechanisms underlying oocyte meiotic maturation and fertilization have not been well summarized, although accumulating data have been obtained in recent one decade. This review will focus on what is known about the molecular mechanisms of porcine oocyte maturation and fertilization such as first meiosis resumption, meiotic spindle assembly, second meiosis metaphase (MII) arrest during oocyte maturation, sperm-egg recognition and fusion, sperm acrosome reaction, second meiosis resumption, sperm chromatin decondensation, and pronucleus formation during fertilization, as well as the establishment of polyspermy block. Key words: Pig, Oocyte, Meiosis, Fertilization, Polyspermy (J. Reprod. Dev. 49: [347][348][349][350][351][352][353][354][355][356][357][358][359] 2003) nimal reproductive technology has been very important in the last two decades, and the development of efficient procedures for assisted reproduction in livestock has generated multiple opportunities for commercialization [1]. The d e v e l o p m e n t o f e f f i c i e n t r e p r o d u c t i v e biotechnology has been increasingly required in pigs, since it is not only an important farm animal, b u t a l s o a m o d e l a n i m a l f o r b i o m e d i c a l applications, such as human disease processes, d r u g d e v e l o p m e n t, a n d h u m a n o r g a n xenotransplantation [2]. Recently, somatic cell cloned pigs have been produced [3][4][5], and the productio n of gene kno ck out pig ha s been achieved by nuclear transfer of donor cells with the modification of the α (1,3)-galactosyltrnasferase (GalT) gene [6]. However, the efficiency is still extremely low. Although several systems have been established to generate embryos in vitro, the quality of embryos produced in vitro is inferior to those produced in vivo. The major problems include improper oocyte maturation, both nucleus and cytoplasmic, and polyspermy. Despite the progress, the quality of oocytes matured in vitro, defined as the potential of that oocyte to develop into a viable offspring, is still not satisfactory, limiting the improvement of other reproductive techniques in pigs [7]. Thus, the importance of the development and identification of defined in vitro conditions for oocyte maturation and fertilization s ho u ld no t be un der es t im a t ed , s inc e m os t reproductive technologies rely on these basic techniques. The technology of pig oocyte in vitro maturation, fertilization and embryo development and related problems have been well reviewed [8-

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“…Inhibition of protein kinases with compounds such as H-7, staurosporine and olomoucine has been reported to induce the resumption of meiosis in mammalian oocytes [125,[162][163][164][165]. Protein kinase inhibitors are thought to suppress the level of MPF activity in oocytes directly, by blocking the phosphorylating activity of p34 cdc2 , or indirectly, by inhibiting MAPK, which regulates p34 cdc2 activity.…”

Section: Protein Kinase Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium Release at Fertilization: Artificially Mimicking the Oocyte's Response to Sperm.

Grupen¹,

Nottle²,

Nagashima

2002

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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Abstract. The mechanism of sperm-induced calcium release has been the subject of many studies since the development in the late 1950s of in vitro culture systems that support mammalian fertilization. Despite efforts to elucidate the nature of the signal from the sperm that triggers both the early and late events of oocyte activation, the precise mechanism remains unresolved. Now, with the advent of somatic nuclear transfer technologies, the need to better understand this unique process has been recognised. Nuclear transfer embryos must be induced to commence development artificially because the activating signal from the sperm is absent. The primary activating stimulus is a large increase in the concentration of intracellular-free calcium and numerous physical and chemical treatments have been found to induce calcium changes that initiate the events of oocyte activation. Although live cloned offspring have been produced in a number of species, the overall efficiencies of the nuclear transfer procedures described thus far are unacceptably low and phenotypic anomalies are common. With the aim of improving these efficiencies, researchers are developing artificial activation treatments which induce oocyte responses that mimic those induced by fertilizing sperm. One strategy is to replicate the pattern of calcium change more closely. Another strategy is to couple an activating stimulus with treatments that inhibit maturation (or M-phase) promoting factor (MPF) activity, which regulates meiotic progression in oocytes. This paper reviews what is understood of calcium release at fertilization and describes the treatments that have been used to induce oocyte activation artificially in parthenogenetic and nuclear transfer studies. The relative effectiveness of the strategies employed to mimic the oocyte's response to sperm are discussed. Key words: Oocyte activation, Fertilization, Parthenogenesis, Nuclear transfer (J. Reprod. Dev. 48: 2002) o produce a viable embryo at fertilization, the s p e r m n o t o n l y p r o v i d e s t h e m a l e chromosomal complement, but also the stimulus that initiates development. The mechanism by which the activating signal is transmitted from the sperm to the oocyte is not fully clarified, but it is clear that this signal triggers a large increase in the concentration of intracellular-free calcium. In fertilized sea urchin and Xenopus eggs, the calcium increase takes the form of a propagating wave that originates at the point of sperm attachment and traverses the egg at a velocity of 5 to 10 µm/sec

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Parthenogenic Activation of Pig Oocytes by Protein Kinase Inhibition1

Cited by 43 publications

References 20 publications

The role of nitric oxide in parthenogenetic activation of pig oocytes: A review

The role of nitric oxide in parthenogenetic activation of pig oocytes: A review

Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Pig Oocyte Maturation and Fertilization

Calcium Release at Fertilization: Artificially Mimicking the Oocyte's Response to Sperm.

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