Partial Gastrectomy for Duodenal Ulcer

Landau, Edward; Sullivan, Mary; Dwight, Richard W.; Donaldson, Robert M.

doi:10.1056/nejm196103022640902

Cited by 9 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 5 publications

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“…The notion of a 'democratic minimum core' can usefully be connected to the idea of abusive or 'proto-abusive' constitutional change. 40 Abusive constitutional change can itself be understood in a stronger or weaker sense. The strongest sense involves the conscious or intentional erosion of the democratic minimum core by would-be authoritarian actors, and the ability of observers to prove intentional degradation or erosion of this kind.…”

Section: Abusive or Proto-abusive Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Judicial Reform or Abusive Constitutionalism in Israel

Roznai,

Dixon,

Landau

2023

Isr. law rev.

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How should the constitutional reform in Israel be assessed in comparative terms? Comparative constitutional understandings point to the centrality of three key sets of norms as part of the ‘democratic minimum core’: (i) commitments to free and fair, regular multi-party elections; (ii) political rights and freedoms; and (iii) a system of institutional checks and balances necessary to maintain (i) and (ii). Any change in judicial power and independence must be assessed against the benchmark of the democratic minimum core, and by reference to its cumulative practical effect on a system of institutional checks and balances. We claim that recent changes in Israel may already threaten these institutional checks, and have the potential to do more damage in the future, if given broad effect and if combined with further changes in the power and independence of the Supreme Court. On this basis, we suggest, the relevant changes should be viewed as either ‘abusive’ or ‘proto-abusive’ in nature. By threatening to undermine both the power and independence of the Supreme Court of Israel, they directly threaten the health of the constitutional checks and balances system and, hence, the ‘democratic minimum core’ in Israel.

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Section: Abusive or Proto-abusive Changementioning

confidence: 99%