Partial or total replacement of fishmeal by solvent-extracted cottonseed meal in diets for juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Abstract

The effect of solvent-extracted cottonseed meal (SCSM) as a partial or total replacement of fishmeal was studied in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Six experimental diets SCSM0, SCSM25, SCSM50, SCSM75, SCSM75A and SCSMT, containing a gradient of SCSM 0, 152, 305, 465, 460 and 610 g kg )1 to replace 0, 112.5, 225, 337.5, 337.5 and 450 g kg )1 fishmeal protein were fed to triplicate groups (initial body weight of 39.2 ± 0.1 g) for 8 weeks. The diet SCSM75A was supplemented with lysine and methionine, to be similar to SCSM0 for juvenile rainbow trout. Faeces were colleted after 4 weeks of normal feeding for apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy determination. Total replacement of fishmeal adversely affected growth performance. Fish fed with diet SCSMT had significantly (P < 0.05) lower weight gain, specific growth ratio, feed conversion efficiency (FCE) and protein efficiency ratio than fish fed with other diets. The FCE of SCSM75 and SCSM75A were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those of fish fed with SCSM0 diets. The ADC of the dry matter of SCSM75 and SCSMT were significantly lower than the SCSM0 diet, and the ADC of crude protein and the energy of SCSMT were the lowest (P < 0.05). The ADC of threonine, proline, alanine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine and methionine of fish fed with diet SCSMT were lower. Lysine and methionine supplement positively affected the ADC of SCS75A diet. There were no significant differences in the fish body composition. It is shown that SCSM can be utilized in the juvenile rainbow trout diet up to 305 g kg )1 , to replace about 50% of fishmeal protein in this experiment. KEY WORDS

Fontes protéicas vegetais na alimentação da carpa húngara

“…Esses e outros resultados controversos mostram que a eficiência de utilização de fontes protéicas alternativas de origem vegetal pode mudar consideravelmente, de acordo com o tipo e a qualidade do farelo incorporado nas dietas. Provavelmente, a impossibilidade de utilização de maiores níveis de inclusão de fontes vegetais esteja relacionada à presença de fibra, fatores antinutricionais e baixa palatabilidade, que podem diminuir a ingestão e aproveitamento dos alimentos pelos peixes (LUO et al, 2006).…”

Substituição da farinha de carne suína por fontes vegetais em dietas para carpa-húngara

“…O efeito deletério da inclusão de fontes vegetais sobre o crescimento dos animais pode estar relacionado à presença de fibra, fatores antinutricionais (remanescentes) e baixa palatabilidade, que podem diminuir a ingestão de alimento pelos peixes (Luo et al, 2006). Embora o perfil de aminoácidos das dietas tenha sido similar, as diferenças encontradas podem ter sido resultantes da diferente disponibilidade de aminoácidos entre os tratamentos.…”

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“…Cheng and Hardy (2002) reported that cottonseed meal could be used at 10% inclusion rate in trout diets. According to Luo et al (2006), this level could be as high as 30%. On the contrary to these results, Gomes et al (1995) stated that plant protein sources like lupin seed meal, bean meal, pea seed meal, corn gluten, full-fat soybean and rape seed meal mixture could be utilized in rainbow trout diet up to 66%, to replace of FM.…”

“…Considering the research for the substitution of FM in the diets of rainbow trout, numerous studies (Tacon et al, 1984;Hughes, 1991;Moyano et al, 1992;Pongmaneerat and Watanabe, 1992;Sanz et al, 1994;Morales et al, 1994;Gomes et al, 1995;Cheng and Hardy, 2002;Thiessen et al, 2003a;2003b;Luo et al, 2006) have shown that it is possible to partially or even fully replace FM by plant protein sources, such as soybean meal, sunflower meal, lupin flour, corn gluten meal, cottonseed meal, canola meal, rapeseed meal and so forth.…”