Partial proteomic analysis of brown widow spider (Latrodectus geometricus) venom to determine the biological activities

Khamtorn, Pornsawan; Rungsa, Prapenpuksiri; Jangpromma, Nisachon; Klaynongsruang, Sompong; Daduang, Jureerut; Tessiri, Thanee; Daduang, Sakda

doi:10.1016/j.toxcx.2020.100062

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Defensins are known antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that are widely found in organisms such as animals, plants, and fungi [ 62 ]. AMPs function in venom is associated with the immune system of animals by interaction with the cell membrane of pathogens, leading to structural and functional cellular disruption [ 63 ], and they are also known for protecting themselves from infesting infectious organisms [ 18 ]. Oh-defensin, isolated from the spider Ornithoctonus hainana , has shown broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and hemolysis activity [ 64 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chromatogram in this study presented the familiarity in our previous proteome study in L. geometricus venom [ 18 ]. The active components (fraction14) elute rather later in the gradient of the reverse phase, meaning it has a significant degree of hydrophobicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Crude venom from L. geometricus was collected using the cold shock method, as described previously [ 18 ]. Crude venom was purified with RP-HPLC on an analytical column (4.6 mm × 25 cm) of Vydac C18 (218MS, Technicol Ltd., Stockport, UK) using extended linear gradients of acetonitrile in 0.085% ( v / v ) aqueous trifluoroacetic acid at a flow rate of 1 mL/min, and the elution absorbance was monitored at 214 nm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous research on the venom composition and antivenom production against L. geometricus venom has resulted in a better understanding of this spider [ 2 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Besides the neurotoxins, serine proteases, metalloproteases, hyaluronidases, chitinases, venom allergen antigen 5-like proteins, and antibacterial activity have been reported in L. geometricus venom [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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De Novo Transcriptome Analysis of the Venom of Latrodectus geometricus with the Discovery of an Insect-Selective Na Channel Modulator

et al. 2021

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The brown widow spider, Latrodectus geometricus, is a predator of a variety of agricultural insects and is also hazardous for humans. Its venom is a true pharmacopeia representing neurotoxic peptides targeting the ion channels and/or receptors of both vertebrates and invertebrates. The lack of transcriptomic information, however, limits our knowledge of the diversity of components present in its venom. The purpose of this study was two-fold: (1) carry out a transcriptomic analysis of the venom, and (2) investigate the bioactivity of the venom using an electrophysiological bioassay. From 32,505 assembled transcripts, 8 toxin families were classified, and the ankyrin repeats (ANK), agatoxin, centipede toxin, ctenitoxin, lycotoxin, scorpion toxin-like, and SCP families were reported in the L. geometricus venom gland. The diversity of L. geometricus venom was also uncovered by the transcriptomics approach with the presence of defensins, chitinases, translationally controlled tumor proteins (TCTPs), leucine-rich proteins, serine proteases, and other important venom components. The venom was also chromatographically purified, and the activity contained in the fractions was investigated using an electrophysiological bioassay with the use of a voltage clamp on ion channels in order to find if the neurotoxic effects of the spider venom could be linked to a particular molecular target. The findings show that U24-ctenitoxin-Pn1a involves the inhibition of the insect sodium (Nav) channels, BgNav and DmNav. This study provides an overview of the molecular diversity of L. geometricus venom, which can be used as a reference for the venom of other spider species. The venom composition profile also increases our knowledge for the development of novel insecticides targeting voltage-gated sodium channels.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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De Novo Transcriptome Analysis of the Venom of Latrodectus geometricus with the Discovery of an Insect-Selective Na Channel Modulator

et al. 2021

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“…These results indicate that there is a mixture of multiple virulence factors in HN-EVs. Two other potential virulence-related proteins, serine/threonine kinase-like protein and metallothionein-like protein, corresponding to serine proteases and metalloproteinases, respectively, may also play a role in the envenomation process [ 38 , 39 , 40 ], but their functions still need to be further verified. Class 3 includes replication, transcription-related element proteins, protein synthesis, metal combination, and proteins with unknown functions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin and Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles Present in the Spider Venom of Ornithoctonus hainana

Xun¹,

Wang²,

Yang³

et al. 2021

Toxins

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, are membranous vesicles released from nearly all cellular types. They contain various bioactive molecules, and their molecular composition varies depending on their cellular origin. As research into venomous animals has progressed, EVs have been discovered in the venom of snakes and parasitic wasps. Although vesicle secretion in spider venom glands has been observed, these secretory vesicles’ origin and biological properties are unknown. In this study, the origin of the EVs from Ornithoctonus hainana venom was observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The Ornithoctonus hainana venom extracellular vesicles (HN-EVs) were isolated and purified by density gradient centrifugation. HN-EVs possess classic membranous vesicles with a size distribution ranging from 50 to 150 nm and express the arthropod EV marker Tsp29Fb. The LC-MS/MS analysis identified a total of 150 proteins, which were divided into three groups according to their potential function: conservative vesicle transport-related proteins, virulence-related proteins, and other proteins of unknown function. Functionally, HN-EVs have hyaluronidase activity and inhibit the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by affecting the cytoskeleton and cell cycle. Overall, this study investigates the biological characteristics of HN-EVs for the first time and sheds new light on the envenomation process of spider venom.

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The remarkably enzyme-rich venom of the Big Bend Scorpion (Diplocentrus whitei)

Nyström

Ellsworth

Rokyta

2023

Toxicon

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Partial proteomic analysis of brown widow spider (Latrodectus geometricus) venom to determine the biological activities

Cited by 12 publications

References 30 publications

De Novo Transcriptome Analysis of the Venom of Latrodectus geometricus with the Discovery of an Insect-Selective Na Channel Modulator

De Novo Transcriptome Analysis of the Venom of Latrodectus geometricus with the Discovery of an Insect-Selective Na Channel Modulator

Origin and Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles Present in the Spider Venom of Ornithoctonus hainana

The remarkably enzyme-rich venom of the Big Bend Scorpion (Diplocentrus whitei)

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