Partial Replacement of Fish Meal with Soy Protein Concentrate in Diets of Atlantic Cod

Walker, Abigail B.; Sidor, Inga; O'Keefe, Timothy M.; Cremer, Michael C.; Berlinsky, David L.

doi:10.1577/a09-085.1

Cited by 28 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The final body weights, growth, condition factors, and SGRs of fish in the 100% FM replacement group, however, were lower than those receiving no or 50% FM replacement. Although completely replacing FM with SPC did not affect juvenile cod growth (Walker et al 2010), the present results are similar to those reported by Hansen et al (2007b) who showed lower growth rates in fish fed diets that had a high (75% or 100%) incorporation of less-refined plant proteins.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Histopathology.-Histological samples of proximal and distal intestine (n = 3/tank) were examined and scored as described by Walker et al (2010). Briefly, 2-mm sections were excised from 1 to 2 cm posterior to the pyloric caeca and from 1 to 2 cm anterior to the sphincter that delineates the distal chamber.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Slides were randomly numbered for blind analysis. An ordinal scoring system based on Knudsen et al (2007) and modified for Atlantic cod (Table 3) was used to evaluate changes in gut morphology and inflammatory responses (Walker et al 2010). Low (1-2) and high scores (4-5) indicated normal morphology and marked inflammation or morphometric changes, respectively ( Figure 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fed at higher levels (75% or 100%), however, growth, feed efficiency, and protein efficiency were reduced. Recently, 100% of the fish meal in Atlantic cod diets was replaced with SPC without reductions in survival or growth, or increased incidence of enteritis (Walker et al 2010).…”

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Partial Replacement of Fishmeal with Soybean Meal and Soy Protein Concentrate in Diets of Atlantic Cod

et al. 2012

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Juvenile Atlantic cod Gadus morhua (initial weight = 24.1 ± 1.4 g [mean ± SE) were fed diets in which fish meal (FM) was replaced with soy protein concentrate (SPC) and soybean meal (SBM) in isonitrogenous, isocaloric diets for 84 d. A standard marine finfish diet (3 mm, 54% protein, 14% fat) was modified to produce four experimental diets in which 50% of FM was replaced with soy at 0:1, 1:1, or 1:2 ratios of SPC:SBM and 100% FM replacement with a 1:1 ratio of SPC:SBM. No differences in mortality or feed intake were detected among treatments, and fish fed the 50% FM replacement diets, in any combination, grew as well or better than the control for all variables investigated. Cod fed the 100% FM replacement diet exhibited the lowest growth and differed from the control with respect to final body weight, growth, specific growth rate, and thermal‐unit growth coefficient. No enteritis was observed in histological sections. These results indicate that 100% fish meal replacement is not recommended, but 50% replacement can be used without significant reductions in growth or condition indices.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Partial Replacement of Fishmeal with Soybean Meal and Soy Protein Concentrate in Diets of Atlantic Cod

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“…However, in yellowtail, growth and feed efficiency were reduced when FMP replacement by SBP was greater than 20% (Shimeno et al 1993). In contrast, juvenile red drum and Atlantic cod tolerated a replacement of FMP with SBP up to 50% (Reigh and Ellis 1992;Walker et al 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Effects of Replacement of Menhaden Fish Meal Protein by Solvent‐Extracted Soybean Meal Protein Supplemented with or without l‐Methionine and l‐Lysine in the Diet of Juvenile Southern Flounder

Alam¹,

Watanabe²,

Myers³

et al. 2011

N American J Aquac

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Two feeding experiments were conducted to study the effects of different levels of solvent-extracted soybean meal on the growth and body composition of juvenile southern flounder Paralichthys lethostigma. In experiment 1, seven diets were formulated, replacing menhaden fish meal protein (FMP) with soybean meal protein (SBP) at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60% without supplementing amino acids. In experiment 2, eight diets were formulated, replacing FMP with SBP at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70% and supplementing with L-methionine and L-lysine. In the test diets, L-methionine and L-lysine were supplemented to approximate the methionine and lysine level found in the 45% whole-body protein of southern flounder. All diets were formulated to have the same crude protein (45%) and lipid levels (12%), and all diets contained 9% squid meal and 5% krill meal to improve palatability. Each of the test diets was fed two times a day to triplicate groups of flounder (average weight = 0.61 g for experiment 1 and 1.63 g for experiment 2). Experiments 1 and 2 were conducted for 42 and 60 d, respectively. Fish were held in 75-L recirculating seawater tanks at 15 fish per tank. In both experiments, no significant differences were observed in body weight gain (WG), specific growth rate, feed intake, feed conversion and protein efficiency ratios, and the whole-body proximate composition among fish fed diets replacing 0-40% of FMP with SBP. When compared with fish fed 0% SBP, WG decreased significantly for the fish fed more than 40% SBP. Broken-line regression showed that the optimum levels of FMP replacement with SBP in the diet of southern flounder without and with supplemental methionine and lysine were 35.1% and 38.9%, respectively, when diets contained 9% squid meal and 5% krill meal.The southern flounder Paralichthys lethostigma (family Bothidae) is a flatfish found in coastal waters from North Carolina through the South Atlantic states to Texas, except for South Florida (Wenner et al. 1990). Their euryhaline character, tolerance of a wide range of temperatures, and status as a highly desirable food and recreational species make southern flounder an ideal candidate for aquaculture. Declining commercial and recreational landings has also stimulated interest in culturing

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Partial dietary fishmeal replacement with soy products in grow‐out‐stage Burbot

Oliver,

Bruce,

Gulen

et al. 2023

N American J Aquac

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ObjectiveThe primary objective of this study was to determine how soy products affect Burbot Lota lota maculosa growth and gastric evacuation. The secondary objective was to determine the digestibility of common soy products in Burbot.MethodsA 130‐day feed study was conducted with subadult (grow‐out stage) Burbot to evaluate performance with 25% of the dietary fish meal replaced with soybean meal or soy protein concentrate compared with a control diet formulated to resemble a salmonid diet. Additionally, diets from the feed study, along with chironomid meal (a natural forage item), were used to determine Burbot gastric evacuation rates using fish naive to soy. These diets, containing over 12% soy, were applied to fish from the same cohort of Burbot used in the initial feed study. A digestibility assessment was conducted using diets with 30% of the fish meal replaced with soybean meal, soy protein concentrate, and a fermented soybean meal.ResultNo differences in growth performance were observed. The gastric evacuation assessment revealed that soy protein concentrate was evacuated at a significantly higher rate than chironomid meal; however, no other differences in gastric evacuation rates among diets were detectable. Apparent digestibility of protein was significantly higher in the soybean meal, soy protein concentrate, and fermented soybean meal treatments relative to the control diet. Apparent lipid digestibility was significantly lower in the soybean meal diet relative to the control diet; however, neither diet was significantly different from the soy protein concentrate or fermented soybean meal treatments.ConclusionSoy protein is highly digestible in grow‐out‐stage Burbot, these fish can be produced to market size on diets with ≥25% of the fish meal (relative to the experimental control diet) replaced with soybean meal or soy protein concentrate with no impact on growth performance relative to a salmonid diet formulation.

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Partial Replacement of Fish Meal with Soy Protein Concentrate in Diets of Atlantic Cod

Cited by 28 publications

References 37 publications

Partial Replacement of Fishmeal with Soybean Meal and Soy Protein Concentrate in Diets of Atlantic Cod

Partial Replacement of Fishmeal with Soybean Meal and Soy Protein Concentrate in Diets of Atlantic Cod

Effects of Replacement of Menhaden Fish Meal Protein by Solvent‐Extracted Soybean Meal Protein Supplemented with or without l‐Methionine and l‐Lysine in the Diet of Juvenile Southern Flounder

Partial dietary fishmeal replacement with soy products in grow‐out‐stage Burbot

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