Partial to total replacement of fishmeal by poultry by-product meal in diets for juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and their effect on fatty acids from muscle tissue and the time required to retrieve the effect

Abstract

Triplicate groups of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (1.4 ± 0.1 g) were fed experimental diets containing four levels of protein substitution to totally replace fishmeal with poultry by‐product meal (0, 33, 67 and 100%). Fishmeal (FM) from tuna fish by‐products and poultry by‐product meal ‘pet food grade' (PBM) were used. Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous (43.5% crude protein) and isolipidic (12.5% crude fat). After 80 days of feeding, no significant differences were found in terms of thermal unit growth coefficient (TGC). However, the EPA levels in muscle tissue among treatments 0PBM, 24PBM and 44PBM were found to be significantly higher than those for the 59PBM diet. Nevertheless, a re‐feeding period with the control diet showed that 28 days was long enough to regain the FA profile needed. We concluded that PBM used up to 44% in diets for juvenile rainbow trout can be used without a significantly decrease in EPA and DHA under the present conditions. The use of a whole fishmeal diet could be an important strategy to recuperate the fatty acid profile obtained when trout is feed on PBM basis. It will be important to perform longer experiments with larger fish to confirm these results.

Effect of dietary fish meal replacement by poultry by-product meal on muscle fatty acid composition and liver histology of fry of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Cichlidae)

“…Fatty acid analyses revealed that clear differences in fatty acids in muscle tissue from diet 100PBM, where levels of 16:0, 18:1n-9, and 18:3n-6 were signifi cantly higher, while 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 were lower. Similarly to these results, Parés-Sierra et al (2014) showed that rainbow trout feeding with PBM, resulted in lower 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 contents. The amount of Σ n-3 PUFA in the muscle of fi sh fed the 100PBM diet was 2.3%, while in control was 17.4%.…”

“…It is well known that dietary fatty acid contents infl uences fatty acid composition in muscle of fi sh (Higgs et al 2006, Bahurmiz and Ng 2007, Borquez et al 2011. The results of the presently reported study, show that replacement of FM protein by PBM protein modifi ed the fatty acid composition of fi sh tissue (Table 3), as reported in previous studies (Gümüş and Erdogan 2010, Gümüş and Aydin 2013, Parés-Sierra et al 2014. Our fi ndings disagree with other studies which demonstrated that alternative protein sources did not infl uence fatty acid composition of fi sh (Gümüş 2011, Nogueira et al 2012).…”

“…Poultry by-product meal (PBM) is one of these alternative protein sources and has long been evaluated as a potential substitute for FM in aquaculture feeds (Aydın and Gümüş 2013). Encouraging results for the utilization of PBM protein to replace FM protein in aquaculture feeds have been reported for species such as mirror carp, Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 (see Emre et al 2003); black sea turbot, Scophthalmus maeoticus (Pallas, 1814) (see Turker et al 2005); Prussian carp, Carassius auratus gibelio (Bloch, 1782) (see Yang et al 2006); Malaysian mahseer, Tor tambroides (Bleeker, 1854) (see Ismail et al 2012); Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) (see Hernández et al 2010, Aydin andGümüş 2013); and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) (Parés-Sierra et al 2014). The above-mentioned studies demonstrated the potential of PBM as an alternative feed ingredient for aquaculture.…”

“…It is important for the feed to contain balanced levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids and highly unsaturated fatty acids. So, a number of studies have been performed to evaluate the effects of alternative protein sources used in fi sh feeds as FM substitutes on fi sh fatty acid composition (Maina et al 2003, Dias et al 2005, Gümüş and Erdogan 2010, Nogueira et al 2012, Gümüş and Aydin 2013, Parés-Sierra et al 2014, and also the effects of different lipid sources used in fi sh feeds as energy sources (Stubhaug et al 2005, Ruyter et al 2006, Karapanagiotidis et al 2007. Although the differences in the amounts of corn oil in the diet were slight, the high level of linoleic acid in corn oil affected the lipid metabolism and fatty acid bioconversion and or accumulation (Stubhaug et al 2005).…”

Exploring the contribution of dietary protein from poultry by product meal and fish meal to the growth of catfish Ictalurus punctatus by means of nitrogen stable isotopes

“…Previous studies have considered that the PBM could not replace more than 50% of FM in diets for aquatic organisms (Gallagher & Degani, 1988;Fowler, 1991;Steffens, 1994). Nevertheless, results from recent studies have demonstrated that the replacement of FM by PBM has reached 100% in diets for several species of fish, without causing significant differences in performance parameters (Yang et al, 2006;Parés-Sierra et al, 2014).…”