Participatory Surveillance Based on Crowdsourcing During the Rio 2016 Olympic Games Using the Guardians of Health Platform: Descriptive Study

Neto, Onicio Batista Leal; Cruz, Oswaldo Gonçalves; Albuquerque, Jones; Sousa, Mariana Nacarato de; Smolinski, Mark S.; Cesse, Eduarda Ângela Pessoa; Libel, Marlo; Souza, Wayner Vieira de

doi:10.2196/16119

Cited by 30 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…However, beyond this, the proposed federated platform has to consider citizen participation and the heterogeneity of end-users. Therefore, the following characteristics should be taken into consideration in the design of the platform: it should be (a) explainable/accountable to improve, for instance, awareness and engagement (Geneviève et al, 2019); (b) gamified to engage and incentivize participation (Wazny, 2018;Neto et al, 2020); and (c) customizable for different user groups at an international level.…”

Section: User Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Containing Future Epidemics With Trustworthy Federated Systems for Ubiquitous Warning and Response

Carrillo¹,

Nguyen²,

Nardelli³

et al. 2021

Front. Comms. Net.

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In this paper, we propose a global digital platform to avoid and combat epidemics by providing relevant real-time information to support selective lockdowns. It leverages the pervasiveness of wireless connectivity while being trustworthy and secure. The proposed system is conceptualized to be decentralized yet federated, based on ubiquitous public systems and active citizen participation. Its foundations lie on the principle of informational self-determination. We argue that only in this way it can become a trustworthy and legitimate public good infrastructure for citizens by balancing the asymmetry of the different hierarchical levels within the federated organization while providing highly effective detection and guiding mitigation measures toward graceful lockdown of the society. To exemplify the proposed system, we choose a remote patient monitoring as use case. This use case is evaluated considering different numbers of endorsed peers on a solution that is based on the integration of distributed ledger technologies and NB-IoT (narrowband IoT). An experimental setup is used to evaluate the performance of this integration, in which the end-to-end latency is slightly increased when a new endorsed element is added. However, the system reliability, privacy, and interoperability are guaranteed. In this sense, we expect active participation of empowered citizens to supplement the more usual top-down management of epidemics.

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Section: User Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Containing Future Epidemics With Trustworthy Federated Systems for Ubiquitous Warning and Response

Carrillo¹,

Nguyen²,

Nardelli³

et al. 2021

Front. Comms. Net.

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“…There were the following five different survey modules over the course of 5 weeks: (1) medical symptoms, (2) nutrition, (3) wash and habits, (4) early stimulation, and (5) child development. For symptoms, a syndromic protocol was used [ 30 , 31 ], where the occurrences of the following clinical outcomes were collected: fever, headache, diarrhea, rash, joint pain, sore throat, cough, body aches, itching, shortness of breath, and red eyes. For nutrition, the system collected information on food intake, vegetable and fruit intake, protein-rich food intake, food stocks, and breastfeeding.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining Wearable Devices and Mobile Surveys to Study Child and Youth Development in Malawi: Implementation Study of a Multimodal Approach

Neto

Haenni

Phuka

et al. 2021

JMIR Public Health Surveill

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Background Multimodal approaches have been shown to be a promising way to collect data on child development at high frequency, combining different data inputs (from phone surveys to signals from noninvasive biomarkers) to understand children’s health and development outcomes more integrally from multiple perspectives. Objective The aim of this work was to describe an implementation study using a multimodal approach combining noninvasive biomarkers, social contact patterns, mobile surveying, and face-to-face interviews in order to validate technologies that help us better understand child development in poor countries at a high frequency. Methods We carried out a mixed study based on a transversal descriptive analysis and a longitudinal prospective analysis in Malawi. In each village, children were sampled to participate in weekly sessions in which data signals were collected through wearable devices (electrocardiography [ECG] hand pads and electroencephalography [EEG] headbands). Additionally, wearable proximity sensors to elicit the social network were deployed among children and their caregivers. Mobile surveys using interactive voice response calls were also used as an additional layer of data collection. An end-line face-to-face survey was conducted at the end of the study. Results During the implementation, 82 EEG/ECG data entry points were collected across four villages. The sampled children for EEG/ECG were 0 to 5 years old. EEG/ECG data were collected once a week. In every session, children wore the EEG headband for 5 minutes and the ECG hand pad for 3 minutes. In total, 3531 calls were sent over 5 weeks, with 2291 participants picking up the calls and 984 of those answering the consent question. In total, 585 people completed the surveys over the course of 5 weeks. Conclusions This study achieved its objective of demonstrating the feasibility of generating data through the unprecedented use of a multimodal approach for tracking child development in Malawi, which is one of the poorest countries in the world. Above and beyond its multiple dimensions, the dynamics of child development are complex. It is the case not only that no data stream in isolation can accurately characterize it, but also that even if combined, infrequent data might miss critical inflection points and interactions between different conditions and behaviors. In turn, combining different modes at a sufficiently high frequency allows researchers to make progress by considering contact patterns, reported symptoms and behaviors, and critical biomarkers all at once. This application showcases that even in developing countries facing multiple constraints, complementary technologies can leverage and accelerate the digitalization of health, bringing benefits to populations that lack new tools for understanding child well-being and development.

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“…The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is one of the first global events in which digital tools have played a prominent role in epidemiological crisis management [1,2]. Earlier attempts to operationalize digital tools for infection control included crowdsourced surveillance applications for influenza (eg, [3]) or the Zika virus [4]; however, these attempts often met with limited success due to recruitment or reporting adherence challenges [5][6][7]. In the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, digital tools that rely on passive contact sensing have gained significant traction to support manual contact tracing (MCT).…”

Section: The Use Of Digital Tools For Pandemic Mitigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges for Nontechnical Implementation of Digital Proximity Tracing During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Media Analysis of the SwissCovid App

Wyl¹

2021

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth

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Background Several countries have released digital proximity tracing (DPT) apps to complement manual contact tracing for combatting the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. DPT aims to notify app users about proximity exposures to persons infected with SARS-CoV-2 so that they can self-quarantine. The success of DPT apps depends on user acceptance and the embedding of DPT into the pandemic mitigation strategy. Objective By searching for media articles published during the first 3 months after DPT launch, the implementation of DPT in Switzerland was evaluated to inform similar undertakings in other countries. The second aim of the study was to create a link between reported DPT implementation challenges and normalization process theory for planning and optimizing complex digital health interventions, which can provide useful guidance for decision-making in DPT design and implementation. Methods A Swiss media database was searched for articles on the Swiss DPT app (SwissCovid) published in German or French between July 4 and October 3, 2020. In a structured process, topics were extracted and clustered manually from articles that were deemed pertinent. Extracted topics were mapped to four NPT constructs, which reflected the flow of intervention development from planning, stakeholder onboarding, and execution to critical appraisal. Coherence constructs describe sense-making by stakeholders, cognitive participation constructs reflect participants’ efforts to create engagement with the intervention, collective actions refer to intervention execution and joint stakeholder efforts to make the intervention work, and reflexive monitoring refers to collective risk-benefit appraisals to create improvements. Results Out of 94 articles deemed pertinent and selected for closer inspection, 38 provided unique information on implementation challenges. Five challenge areas were identified: communication challenges, challenges for DPT to interface with other processes, fear of resource competition with established pandemic mitigation measures, unclear DPT effectiveness, and obstacles to greater user coverage and compliance. Specifically, several articles mentioned unclear DPT benefits to affect commitment and to raise fears among different health system actors regarding resource competition. Moreover, media reports indicated process interface challenges such as delays or unclear responsibilities in the notification cascade, as well as misunderstandings and unmet communication needs from health system actors. Finally, reports suggested misaligned incentives, not only for app usage by the public but also for process engagement by other actors in the app notification cascade. NPT provided a well-fitting framework to contextualize the different DPT implementation challenges and to highlight improvement strategies, namely a better alignment of stakeholder incentives, or stakeholder-specific communication to address their concerns about DPT. Conclusions Early experiences from one of the first adopters of DPT indicate that nontechnical implementation challenges may affect the effectiveness of DPT. The NPT analysis provides a novel perspective on DPT implementation and stresses the need for stakeholder inclusion in development and operationalization.

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Participatory Surveillance Based on Crowdsourcing During the Rio 2016 Olympic Games Using the Guardians of Health Platform: Descriptive Study

Cited by 30 publications

References 47 publications

Containing Future Epidemics With Trustworthy Federated Systems for Ubiquitous Warning and Response

Containing Future Epidemics With Trustworthy Federated Systems for Ubiquitous Warning and Response

Combining Wearable Devices and Mobile Surveys to Study Child and Youth Development in Malawi: Implementation Study of a Multimodal Approach

Challenges for Nontechnical Implementation of Digital Proximity Tracing During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Media Analysis of the SwissCovid App

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