Particle and volatile organic emissions from the combustion of a range of building and furnishing materials using a cone calorimeter

Reisen, Fabienne; Bhujel, Mahendra; Leonard, Justin

doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2014.08.008

Cited by 30 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Acetaldehyde was one of the main products detected not only in pyrolysis but also 272 in combustion. This product accounted for 50-81% of the total light hydrocarbons detected in the 273 pyrolysis runs and 53-71% in the combustion experiments at 550ºC, 650ºC and 750ºC.These 274 percentages are similar to those obtained by Reisen et al(2014) from the combustion of two types 275 of non-viscoelastic polyurethane foams. 276…”

Section: Al 2006) 249supporting

confidence: 60%

Pollutant emissions from the pyrolysis and combustion of viscoelastic memory foam

Garrido

Font

Conesa

2017

Science of The Total Environment

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9Thermal degradation of viscoelastic memory foam (VMF) in a horizontal laboratory scale 10 reactor has been studied. Pyrolysis and combustion experiments under sub-stoichiometric 11 conditions were performed at four different temperatures (550ºC, 650ºC, 750ºC and 850ºC) for 12 the determination of pollutants. Analyses of gas and semivolatile compounds, including 13 polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorobiphenyls (dl-14 PCBs) are shown. From the results, it was deduced that pyrolytic conditions favour the formation 15 of PAHs, methane, ethylene, NH 3 and dl-PCBs, whereas the presence of oxygen involves a higher 16 emission of PCDD/Fs and simple N-containing compounds such as NO and HCN. The toxic 17 levels calculated for PAHs, PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs in all cases were low confirming that the 18 incineration of VMF mattress waste could be a good option for waste management. Nevertheless, 19

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Section: Al 2006) 249supporting

confidence: 60%

Pollutant emissions from the pyrolysis and combustion of viscoelastic memory foam

Garrido

Font

Conesa

2017

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Combustion and pyrolysis products from newer building materials and furnishings (particularly polymers) are believed to be more toxic than smoke from fires in buildings built before these materials were widely used (Alarie 1985 ). It has been shown in a series of experimental fire tests that the highest pollutant concentrations resulted from the combustion of polymeric materials (Reisen et al 2014 ). Polymers have been used in large amounts in Europe and North America since the 1950s (Guidotti and Clough 1992 ; Alarie 1985 ; Pedersen et al 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer risks of firefighters: a systematic review and meta-analysis of secular trends and region-specific differences

Casjens

Brüning

Taeger

2020

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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Purpose The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the cancer risks among firefighters in the time course and from different geographical areas. Method A PubMed search was performed to identify cohort studies about cancer risk and firefighting presented with standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) or standardized mortality ratios (SMRs). Using random-effect models, meta-relative risk estimates (mSIRs, mSMRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were assessed. Cohort studies with employment starting before 1950 were classified as "old", studies starting between 1950 and 1970 as "medium", and later studies as "new". Results The general cancer risk of firefighters was similar to the general population, but mSMR decreased over time (new studies: mSMR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.70-0.92). We observed an increase of mSIR for melanoma of the skin and prostate cancer as well as a decrease of mSIR for stomach cancer with later employment onset. For those cancer sites, we did not observe a secular trend of mSMRs. Regional differences between relative cancer risks were particularly observed for bladder cancer. Conclusions Among other things, innovative firefighting techniques and better personal protective equipment have provided a safer and healthier working environment for firefighters over time leading to a reduction of overall cancer incidence and mortality ratios. Increased general preventive medical checkups and possible additional screenings for firefighters might have led to more findings of malignant melanoma of the skin and prostate cancer in the recent past.

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“…Fateh and co-workers [ 8 ] measured the combustion characteristics of two types of plywood based on CONE. Reisen and co-workers [ 9 ] characterized the emission of VOC and PM under different radiation intensities of 10 common materials for construction and furniture based on CONE. This indicates that CONE is a useful experimental device for the measurement of the gaseous and particulate emissions during combustion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Burning Behaviors and Particulate Matter Emissions of Crop Straws Based on a Cone Calorimeter

Song

et al. 2021

Materials

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Crop residue burning is one of the major sources of particulate matter (PM) in the air. The burning behaviors and PM emissions of the three typical crop residues (rice straw, wheat straw, corn straw) in China were characterized by a cone calorimeter (CONE) coupled with a laser dust meter. The water-soluble compounds, carbonaceous content, and morphology of PM were measured by ion chromatography, elemental analyzer, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). The results showed that thermal stability of corn straw was the worst among the three crop straws. The heat release rate (HRR) curves of the three crop straws were the typical curves of thermally thick charring (residue forming) samples. Wheat straw had the highest smoke yield, which was 2.9 times that of rice straw. The PM emission factor of wheat straw was 180.91 µg/g, which was about three times that of rice straw. The contents of K+, Na+, and Cl− in PM were significantly higher than those of the other six water-soluble inorganic ions. The ratio of organic carbon and elemental carbon (OC/EC) ranged from 14.82 to 30.82, which was similar to the results of open burning. There were mainly three kinds of aggregates in the PM of crop straws: network, chain-like, and soot. Individual particles were mixtures of KCl and organic matters. Core-shell structures were found in PM of rice straw and corn straw. The results in this study were provided based on CONE, an ISO-standard apparatus, which could avoid data conflicts caused by the difference of combustion devices. The relationship between the burning behavior and PM emission characteristics of crop straws was established, which is helpful to understand emissions of crop straws and to find a novel way to solve the problems from the burning of crop residues.

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Particle and volatile organic emissions from the combustion of a range of building and furnishing materials using a cone calorimeter

Cited by 30 publications

References 79 publications

Pollutant emissions from the pyrolysis and combustion of viscoelastic memory foam

Pollutant emissions from the pyrolysis and combustion of viscoelastic memory foam

Cancer risks of firefighters: a systematic review and meta-analysis of secular trends and region-specific differences

Characterization of Burning Behaviors and Particulate Matter Emissions of Crop Straws Based on a Cone Calorimeter

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