Particle formation from homogeneous reactions of sulphur dioxide and
                        nitrogen dioxide

Cox, R. A.

doi:10.3402/tellusa.v26i1-2.9782

Cited by 25 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Laboratory [Schwartz, 1983;Martin, 1983;Hoffmann and Jacob, 1983] and field [Cass and Shair, 1980;Cox, 1974 In addition to its importance as a chemical reaction site, fog may exert a significant influence on scavenging and deposition, on human health, and on vegetation. Fog forms in the ground layer where gases and aerosols are most concentrated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fogwater chemistry in an urban atmosphere

Munger¹,

Jacob²,

Waldman³

et al. 1983

J. Geophys. Res.

303

152

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fogwater chemistry in an urban atmosphere

Munger¹,

Jacob²,

Waldman³

et al. 1983

J. Geophys. Res.

303

152

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“…However, during night time, the traffic usually remains off the road and consequently snow recorded lesser concentration of these species as the snowfall was recorded during the night hours. Under natural conditions, nitrate particles of submicron size in the atmosphere may be formed by gas to particle conversion process (Cox, 1974). Under normal atmospheric conditions, HNO 3 can initially form Aitken nuclei which will grow rapidly into a submicron sizes and react with NH 4 to NH 4 NO 3 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Himalayan snow chemistry: Chemical composition of fresh snow samples from Kashmir valley

Lone¹,

Khan²

2007

Curr. World Environ

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The present paper deals with variability in snow chemistry of various sites spread in six districts of the Kashmir Himalayan valley, experiencing frequent snow fall during winter ( Dec.-Feb). Chemical composition of fresh snow samples shows wide changes in pH (5.8-7.3), dissolved oxygen content (22-26 mg L -1 ), and total alkalinity (2-3 mg L -1 ). The levels ( mg L -1 ) of calcium (13.3-28 ), magnesium (8-12 ), chloride (15-30), sulphate (2-8), silicate (1-4) and nitrate (1.9-3.9) differed considerably. The study makes a strong plea for in-depth investigations of snow chemistry of littleexplored Himalayan region, useful for assessing the impact of environmental pollution.

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“…The formation of nitrate in the atmosphere occurs through a number of mechanisms. It has been shown that nitrite reacts with ozone in th~presence of hygroscopic aerosols, such as NaCI, to produce nitrate (Cox;' 1974). The enrichment of nitrate of atmospheric origin in the rain results in a positive action of the washout process and the easy nitrate remotion &omthe atmosphere below the cIouds.…”

Section: Seasonal Periodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variation of atmospheric and terrestrial nutrients and their influence on primary production in an oligotrophic coastal system-southeastern Brazil

Braga

1999

Rev. Bras. Oceanogr.

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. Abstract: In an oligotrophic coastal zone, land drainage and atmospheric precipitation can temporarily modify the concentrations of specific dissolved compounds in local surface waters, mainly nutrient salts, setting up conditions for "new" primary production of phytoplankton. The Ubatuba region (23°30'S -45°06'W) is considered an oligo-mesotrophic region subject to a high average annual precipitation (-2,000 mm). The small rivers flowing into Palmas' Inlet present outtlow patterns linked to the precipitation cycle. Rain and river waters show nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphate and silicate concentrations that are very variable often higher than in surface seawater. When one considers the total nutrient inventory ofPalmas' Inlet (total volume) in each sampling period, the relative contribution of nutrients from rain water presents the following seasonal variations: DIN ( in the~ring of 1991, the average value (all depths) ofprimary production was significant (7.00 mgC m-3 h-). The atmospheric source of dissolved nitrogenous compounds is very important to this region on account of the high pluviosity and the fact that this input occurs directly into the surface seawater, and thus to the euphotic zone.. Resumo: Em zonas costeiras oligotróficas, os aportes de compostos dissolvidos via drenagem continental e precipitação atmosférica podem modificar temporariamente as concentrações de certas espécies químicas na água do mar, principalmente os sais nutrientes, fornecendo condições para uma produção primária "nova" do fitoplâncton. A região de Ubatuba (23°30'S -45°06' W) é considerada oligo-mesotrófica e possui uma precipitação anual média alta (-2.000 mm). Os pequenos rios que fluem para a Enseada das Palmas tem suas vazões refletindo os ciclos de precipitação local. As águas dos rios e das chuvas, possuem concentrações de nitrato, nitrito, amônio, fosfato e silicato variáveis, mas freqüentemente maiores que aquelas encontradas nas águas de superficie do mar. Quando consideramos o reservatório total de nutrientes na Enseada das Palmas (volume total), em cada período de amostragem, pode-se verificar que a contribuição relativa da água de chuva, apresentou variações sazonais dentro dos seguinteslimites: NID (0,1-21,0 %), nitrato (0,06 -15,86 %), fosfato (0,01 -2,75%), silicato (0,04 -4,70 %). AfroduçãO primária nesta zona oligotrófica mostra variações sazonais e o maior valor foi 17,83 mgC m-h-I, na primavera de 1992. Enquanto que na primavera de 1991, ocorreu uma fertilização promovida pela intrusão de Água Central do Atlântico Sul (ACAS) verificada pelas características do diagrama T-S (T-14OC e 8-35,50 USP), sendo que neste período, o valor médio da produção primária (considerando todas as profundidades) foi relativamente alto (7,00 mgC m-3 h-I). A atmosfera como fonte de compostos nitrogenados dissolvidos é muito importante para esta região devido à alta pluviosidade e pelo fato deste aporte ser feito diretamente na superfície da água do mar, assim sendo, na zona eufótica.

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Particle formation from homogeneous reactions of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide

Cited by 25 publications

References 13 publications

Fogwater chemistry in an urban atmosphere

Fogwater chemistry in an urban atmosphere

Himalayan snow chemistry: Chemical composition of fresh snow samples from Kashmir valley

Seasonal variation of atmospheric and terrestrial nutrients and their influence on primary production in an oligotrophic coastal system-southeastern Brazil

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