Particle Imaging Using a Transmission Wide‐Field Phase Confocal Microscope

Astrakharchik-Farrimond, Eugene; Shekunov, Boris Y.; Sawyer, N. B. E.; Morgan, Stephen P.; Somekh, Michael Geoffrey; See, C. W.

doi:10.1002/ppsc.200390007

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The advantage of confocal scanning is that light emitted by points outside the plane of focus (dashed line) is rejected by the pinhole aperture in front of the detector. 32,33 This leads to high contrast for 3-D imaging. Furthermore, based on singlepoint resolution calculations, if ⌬r ϭ l/2NA 2 is the lateral resolution of a standard microscope with NA and operating wavelength l, the lateral resolution of the confocal microscope is 0.73⌬r.…”

Section: -D Holographic Fluorescence Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Optical Scanning Holography

Poon¹

2004

Jnl of Holography and Speckle

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Optical scanning holography (OSH) is a unique technique in that holographic information for a threedimensional (3-D) object can be acquired with a single 2-D optical scan. In this review article, we present recent progress in and prospects for optical scanning holography. We first discuss the principle of OSH and show some recent novel results obtained with the technique, showing that holographic imaging of a 3-D object can be performed coherently or incoherently. We then discuss several opportunities for application of OSH in areas such as 3-D holographic microscopy, recognition of 3-D objects, 3-D holographic television, 3-D optical cryptography, and 3-D optical remote sensing.

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Section: -D Holographic Fluorescence Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Optical Scanning Holography

Poon¹

2004

Jnl of Holography and Speckle

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“…A high number concentration of very small particles is also typical for dispersion and precipitation in SCFs, imposing severe restrictions on particle size analysis. A confocal configuration of this interferometer also enables imaging of individual solid particles and particle size measurements (13). Table 1 illustrates the physical principles and range of experimental conditions used.…”

Section: In Situ Analysis Of Mixing and Precipitation In Scfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid Dynamics, Mass Transfer, and Particle Formation in Supercritical Fluids

Klamka¹,

Shekunov²,

Henczka³

et al. 2004

Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences

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FIGURE 1 (a) Schematic of a laser interferometer. Mirrors (M1 and M2) and cubic beam splitters (B1 and B2) constitute the Mach-Zehnder configuration. The interferometric fringes overlap the image of the flow or droplet within the optical cell created by the objective (O). The optical decoder (D) provides four parallel phase shift images, which are processed and stored by a computer to extract information on the dynamics of mass or heat transfer. (b) Optical cell, used for interferometry, laser diffraction, phase Doppler anemometry, or smallangle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements, manufactured by Thar Technologies Inc. (Pittsburgh, PA). This cell is equipped with single-crystal diamond windows for SAXS. FIGURE 2 P-T mixture critical curve (solid line) for ethanol-CO 2 modeled from the Peng-Robinson equation of state, also shown in relation to the extension of the gas-liquid coexistence curve for pure CO 2 (dashed line) (8).FIGURE 3 (a) Mean-square density fluctuation and (b) correlation length as functions of pressure at constant temperature 313.1 K for pure carbon dioxide and a mixture containing 1.6 mol % of ethanol.FIGURE 5 (a) Flow pattern in the precipitation vessel from a two-component mixing nozzle. (b) Distribution of fluid density in this system at 20 MPa and 323.1 K in the vessel.FIGURE 6 (a) Image of acetaminophen crystals (mean size f3 Am) obtained by precipitation from ethanol solution with CO 2 and used as seeds. (b) Jet flow pattern obtained by application of autocorrelation PIV algorithm to this image. The conditions correspond to those in Figure 5.

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“…The structural changes of these coatings were also monitored and imaged after exposure to 1.0 M NaOH with LSCM. LSCM has proven to be a useful and valuable tool for characterization of packed columns, coatings, tablets, capsules, living cells, and other surfaces [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the stability of polyelectrolyte multilayer coatings in open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography using laser scanning confocal microscopy

Kapnissi‐Christodoulou

Lowry

Agbaria

et al. 2005

Electrophoresis

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A simple polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) coating procedure was used for the development of stable modified capillaries. PEM coatings were constructed in fused-silica capillaries using alternating rinses of cationic and anionic polyelectrolytes. The multilayer coatings investigated in this study consisted of two and twenty layer pairs, or bilayers. A bilayer is one layer of a cationic polymer and one layer of an anionic polymer. Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) was used as the cationic polymer, and the polymeric surfactant poly(sodium N-undecanoyl-L-leucylvalinate) was used as the anionic polymer. Previous studies for both chiral and achiral separations have shown that PEM-coated capillaries have excellent reproducibilities, remarkable endurance, and strong stabilities against extreme pH values when used in open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC). In this study, the stability of the coatings was further investigated after exposure to 0.1 M and 1.0 M NaOH. Structural changes of these coatings were monitored using laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) after flushing the capillaries with NaOH. This technique allowed observation of the degradation of the coatings. Observations are discussed in terms of separations using OT-CEC. Electropherograms obtained from the chiral separation of 1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-dihydrogenphosphate in OT-CEC showed a decrease in selectivity and an increase in electroosmotic mobility after long exposure to NaOH. The ability to recover the capillaries by exposure to NaOH was also demonstrated. Measurements of electroosmotic mobility and selectivity showed that 2-bilayer and 20-bilayer PEM coatings could be completely removed from the capillary surface after approximately 3.5 and 9.5 h, respectively, of continuous exposure to 1 M NaOH.

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Particle Imaging Using a Transmission Wide‐Field Phase Confocal Microscope

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

Recent Progress in Optical Scanning Holography

Recent Progress in Optical Scanning Holography

Fluid Dynamics, Mass Transfer, and Particle Formation in Supercritical Fluids

Investigation of the stability of polyelectrolyte multilayer coatings in open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography using laser scanning confocal microscopy

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