Particles in the Antarctic Atmosphere

Cadle, R. D.; Fischer, W.H.; Frank, Evelyn R.; Lodge, James P.

doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1968)025<0100:pitaa>2.0.co;2

Cited by 70 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…Even sea salt particles have been found at the South Pole (Parungo et al, 1981;Hogan et al, 1984), although the station is located 1250 km away from the ocean (Kumai, 1976). Some of the common elements found in the Antarctic aerosol are iron, potassium, silicon, calcium, aluminum, sulfur and titanium (Cadle et al, 1968;Parungo et al, 1981;Saxena and Weintraub, 1988).…”

Section: The Characteristics Of the Research Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of immersion freezing nuclei at the South Pole station in Antarctica

2011

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Abstract. The effectiveness of aerosols as immersion freezing nuclei at the South Pole station was investigated during January and February 2009 using the FRIDGE-TAU. The analysis consisted of testing the freezing temperature of about 100-130 drops per sample containing aerosols collected at ground level and on a balloon lifted to different heights. All the drops froze between −18 • C and −27 • C. The temperature in which 50 % of the drops froze occurred at −24 • C, while nuclei concentration of 1 L −1 at −23 • C was calculated. Meteorological conditions such as wind speed, ice precipitation as well as the trajectories of the air masses affected the ice nuclei concentrations. Higher concentrations were observed on days when the winds were stronger or when the air mass originated from the sea.

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Section: The Characteristics Of the Research Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of immersion freezing nuclei at the South Pole station in Antarctica

2011

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“…Furthermore, the station is unique in that McMurdo Station is one of the two sites that have published aerosol measurements starting in 1968, with the other one being the Amundsen Scott Station at the South Pole. The site has at least 10 publications describing aerosol measurements over the past 50 years, most of which were limited to summer (Cadle et al, 1968;Warburton, 1973;Ondov et al, 1973a;Hogan, 1975;Hofmann, 1988;Hansen et al, 2001;Mazzera et al, 2001a, b;Giordano et al, 2017;Kalnajs et al, 2013;Khan et al, 2018). No stations in Antarctica measured inorganic chemical composition year-round until 1978 (Parungo et al, 1981), and none have measured year-round organic components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No stations in Antarctica measured inorganic chemical composition year-round until 1978 (Parungo et al, 1981), and none have measured year-round organic components. In 1966, electron micrographs of particles collected on a four-stage impactor provided some of the first aerosol measurements carried out at McMurdo Station (Cadle et al, 1968). Filter samples were collected for elemental analysis in 1970-1971(Ondov et al, 1973b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) at a site 20 km northeast from McMurdo Station during October to December 2014 and August to October 2015 (Giordano et al, 2017) found sulfate accounted for more than 50 % of nonrefractory composition. Many measurement campaigns were limited to austral summer months because of restrictions on access (Cadle et al, 1968;Ondov et al, 1973a;Warburton, 1973) and so lack information on seasonal changes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High summertime aerosol organic functional group concentrations from marine and seabird sources at Ross Island, Antarctica, during AWARE

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Observations of the organic components of the natural aerosol are scarce in Antarctica, which limits our understanding of natural aerosols and their connection to seasonal and spatial patterns of cloud albedo in the region. From November 2015 to December 2016, the ARM West Antarctic Radiation Experiment (AWARE) measured submicron aerosol properties near McMurdo Station at the southern tip of Ross Island. Submicron organic mass (OM), particle number, and cloud condensation nuclei concentrations were higher in summer than other seasons. The measurements included a range of compositions and concentrations that likely reflected both local anthropogenic emissions and natural background sources. We isolated the natural organic components by separating a natural factor and a local combustion factor. The natural OM was 150 times higher in summer than in winter. The local anthropogenic emissions were not hygroscopic and had little contribution to the CCN concentrations. Natural sources that included marine sea spray and seabird emissions contributed 56 % OM in summer but only 3 % in winter. The natural OM had high hydroxyl group fraction (55 %), 6 % alkane, and 6 % amine group mass, consistent with marine organic composition. In addition, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed the natural sources of organic aerosol were characterized by amide group absorption, which may be from seabird populations. Carboxylic acid group contributions were high in summer and associated with natural sources, likely forming by secondary reactions.

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“…In1966, electron micrographs of particles collected on a four-stage impactor provided some of the first aerosol measurements carried out at McMurdo Station (Cadle et al, 1968) . Filter samples were collected for elemental analysis in 1970-1971(Ondov et al, 1973 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Summertime Aerosol Organic Functional Group Concentrations from Marine and Seabird Sources at Ross Island, Antarctica, during AWARE

Liu¹,

Dedrick²,

Russell³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract.From November 2015 to December 2016, the ARM West Antarctic Radiation Experiment (AWARE) measured submicron 15 aerosol properties near McMurdo Station at the southern tip of the Ross Island. Submicron organic mass (OM), particle number, and cloud condensation nuclei concentrations were higher in summer than other seasons. The measurements included a range of compositions and concentrations that likely reflected both local anthropogenic emissions and natural background sources. We isolated the natural organic components by separating a natural factor and a local combustion factor. The natural OM was 150 times higher in summer than in winter. The local anthropogenic emissions were not 20 hygroscopic and had little contribution to the CCN concentrations. Natural sources that included marine sea spray and seabird emissions contributed 56 % of OM in the austral summer but only 3 % in the austral winter. The natural OM had high hydroxyl group fraction (55%), 6% alkane, and 6% amine group mass, consistent with marine organic composition. In addition, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed the natural sources of organic aerosol were characterized by amide group absorption, which may be from seabird populations. Carboxylic acid group contributions from natural sources 25 were correlated to incoming solar radiation, indicating that some OM formed by secondary pathways.

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Particles in the Antarctic Atmosphere

Cited by 70 publications

References 0 publications

Characteristics of immersion freezing nuclei at the South Pole station in Antarctica

Characteristics of immersion freezing nuclei at the South Pole station in Antarctica

High summertime aerosol organic functional group concentrations from marine and seabird sources at Ross Island, Antarctica, during AWARE

High Summertime Aerosol Organic Functional Group Concentrations from Marine and Seabird Sources at Ross Island, Antarctica, during AWARE

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