Particulate Matter Emission from Dual Fuel Diesel Engine Fuelled with Natural Gas

Stelmasiak, Z.; Larisch, J.; Pielecha, Jacek; Pietras, Dariusz

doi:10.1515/pomr-2017-0055

Cited by 29 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…These activities assess the on-board emissions using measuring devices referred to as PEMS (Portable Emission Measurement System). These include devices for measuring gaseous exhaust emissions (CO, CO 2 , HC, NO x ) as well as particulate matter (including mass, number and size distribution) [23,37], and at the same time using data acquisition systems -collecting registered engine and vehicle operating parameters using on-board diagnostic systems or black boxes. The latter were introduced to vehicles through the development and implementation tests of onboard recording devices in motor vehicles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations from PEMS testing of combustion engines of different applications

Merkisz¹,

Pielecha²

2018

Combustion Engines

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The article compares data obtained in road tests with the latest legislative proposals relating to various applications of internal combustion engines. Passenger car emission tests have been performed several times on the same test route in accordance with the RDE procedure guidelines, for which a dozen or so criteria must be met, including the distance of each of the drive sections, their in the drive time and the dynamic characteristics of the drive. The analysis was also based on a two-dimensional operating density characterization, presented in the vehicle speed-acceleration coordinates. As a result, it was possible to compare dynamic properties, operating time density and, thus, to check the validity of conducted drive tests in terms of their feasibility and emission values. An exhaust emission related comparison of three types of powertrain have been presented: gasoline, diesel and hybrid in the RDE tests. The authors proposed a new form of presenting the road exhaust emissions results in relation to the carbon dioxide emission, referred to as a standardization of the emission results. The exhaust emissions from city buses fitted with different powertrains tested on an actual bus route and in the SORT test were also compared.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations from PEMS testing of combustion engines of different applications

Merkisz¹,

Pielecha²

2018

Combustion Engines

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“…There are many fuel injection solutions implemented in the PFI-DI system. The most common are diesel (DI) and natural gas (PFI) injection systems [3][4][5][6][7]. By comparing the observed impacts of using diesel oil (DI) and natural gas (PFI), the overall efficiency of the engine was found to have increased by 5-8% [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combustion Thermodynamics of Ethanol, n-Heptane, and n-Butanol in a Rapid Compression Machine with a Dual Direct Injection (DDI) Supply System

Pielecha

Wierzbicki

Sidorowicz³

et al. 2021

Energies

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The development of internal combustion engines involves various new solutions, one of which is the use of dual-fuel systems. The diversity of technological solutions being developed determines the efficiency of such systems, as well as the possibility of reducing the emission of carbon dioxide and exhaust components into the atmosphere. An innovative double direct injection system was used as a method for forming a mixture in the combustion chamber. The tests were carried out with the use of gasoline, ethanol, n-heptane, and n-butanol during combustion in a model test engine—the rapid compression machine (RCM). The analyzed combustion process indicators included the cylinder pressure, pressure increase rate, heat release rate, and heat release value. Optical tests of the combustion process made it possible to analyze the flame development in the observed area of the combustion chamber. The conducted research and analyses resulted in the observation that it is possible to control the excess air ratio in the direct vicinity of the spark plug just before ignition. Such possibilities occur as a result of the properties of the injected fuels, which include different amounts of air required for their stoichiometric combustion. The studies of the combustion process have shown that the combustible mixtures consisting of gasoline with another fuel are characterized by greater combustion efficiency than the mixtures composed of only a single fuel type, and that the influence of the type of fuel used is significant for the combustion process and its indicator values.

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“…Tests are also carried out on diesel and CNG blends for diesel particulate matter emissions (diesel share between 70% and 85%). Depending on the operating conditions, the use of CNG additives reduced engine smoke from 10% to 92% and the total number of particulates from 30% to 40% [22]. Other research on compression-ignition (CI) engines shows that NG additives reduced CO 2 emissions from 17% to 20%, but increased CO and HC emissions at the same time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Fuel Systems in Small Engine Wood Chippers on Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Consumption

et al. 2020

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The projected increase in the availability of gaseous fuels by growing popularity of household natural gas (NG) filling stations and the increase in the production of gaseous biogas-derived fuels is conducive to an increase in the use of NG fuel. Currently, natural gas in various forms (compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied natural gas (LNG)) is popular in maritime, rail and road transport. A new direction of natural gas application may be non-road mobile machines powered by a small spark-ignition engine (SI). The use of these engines in the wood chippers can cause the reduction of machine costs and emissions of harmful exhaust gases. In addition, plant material chippers intended for composting in bio-gas plants can be driven by the gas they are used to produce. The biogas can be purified to bio-methane to meet natural gas quality standards. The article presents the design of the natural gas supply system, which is an upgrade of the Lifan GX 390 combustion engine spark ignition engine (Four-stroke, OHV (over head valve) with a maximum power of 9.56 kW), which is a common representative of small gasoline engines. The engine is mounted in a cylindrical chipper designed for shredding branches with a maximum diameter of up to 100 mm, which is a typical machine used for cleaning work in urban areas. The engine powered by CNG and traditionally gasoline has been tested in real working conditions, when shredding cherry plum (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. Beitr. Naturk. 4:17. 1789 (Gartenkalender4:189–204. 1784)). Their diameter was ca. 80 mm, 3-metere-long, and humidity content ca. 25%. The systems were tested under the same actual operating conditions, the average power generated by the drives during shredding is about 0.69 kW. Based on the recorded results, it was found that the CNG-fuelled engine was characterized by nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions higher by 45%. The other effects of CNG were a reduction in carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions of about 81%, 26% and 57%, respectively. Additionally, the use of CNG reduced fuel consumption by 31% and hourly estimated machine operating costs resulting from fuel costs by 53% (for average fuel price in Poland: gasoline: 0.99 EUR/L and CNG: 0.71 EUR/m3 on 08 November 2020). The modernization performed by the authors ensured the work of the drive unit during shredding, closer to the value of stoichiometric mixtures. The average (AVG) value of the air fuel ratio (AFR) for CNG was enriched by 1.2% (AVG AFR was 17), while for the gasoline engine the mixture was more enriched by 4.8% (AVG AFR was 14). The operation of spark-ignition (SI) combustion engines is most advantageous when burning stoichiometric mixtures due to the cooperation with exhaust aftertreatment systems (e.g., three-function catalytic converter). A system powered by CNG may be beneficial in systems adapting to operating conditions, used in low-power shredding machines, whose problem is increased HC emissions, and CNG combustion may reduce them. The developed system does not exceed the emission standards applicable in the European Union. For CO emissions expressed in g/kWh, it was about 95% lower than the permissible value, and HC + NOx emissions were 85% lower. This suggests that the use of the fuel in question may contribute to tightening up the permissible emission regulations for non-road machinery.

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Particulate Matter Emission from Dual Fuel Diesel Engine Fuelled with Natural Gas

Abstract: The paper presents the results of examination of particulate matter emission from the

Cited by 29 publications

References 4 publications

Observations from PEMS testing of combustion engines of different applications

Observations from PEMS testing of combustion engines of different applications

Combustion Thermodynamics of Ethanol, n-Heptane, and n-Butanol in a Rapid Compression Machine with a Dual Direct Injection (DDI) Supply System

Impact of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Fuel Systems in Small Engine Wood Chippers on Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Consumption

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