Particulate pollution over an urban Himalayan site: Temporal variability, impact of meteorology and potential source regions

Romshoo, Shakil Ahmad; Bhat, Mudasir Ahmad; Beig, Gufran

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149364

Cited by 20 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…PM 2.5 concentrations in the WHR, CHR, and EHR are 1.3, 2.1, and 1.8 times higher than those set by the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQs, 2009) of India (40 μg m −3 ). Romshoo et al 18 conducted a long-term study over the urban environment at WHR during 2013−2017 and reported a mean PM 2.5 concentration (87 ± 97 μg m −3 ) which was 1.6 times higher than that reported in the present study. Sandeep et al 17 reported annual averaged PM 2.5 concentrations (73.14 ± 20.76 μg m −3 ) at Srinagar (a town in CHR), which is ∼16% lower than that reported in the present study.…”

Section: Analytical Procedurescontrasting

confidence: 77%

“…However, the emergence of atmospheric brown clouds (ABCs) over south Asia raised environmental concerns. − Numerous studies have suggested that long-range transport of pollutants from the Indo-Gangetic plain to the Himalayan region during premonsoon is the vital factor. , In addition, local sources from low lands of the Himalayan region also contribute to air pollution . Most of studies were conducted in the foothills − rather than high altitudes of the Himalayan region. − This study measures ambient PM 2.5 and carbonaceous matter (OC and EC) over three subregions of Himalayan glacier locations to evaluate associated spatiotemporal variations and seasonal changes. The study’s findings have important implications for appropriately assessing the effects of carbonaceous matter on glacial melting and water availability in high-altitude Himalayan glacier regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Atmospheric Abundance of PM_2.5 Carbonaceous Matter and Their Potential Sources at Three High-Altitude Glacier Sites over the Indian Himalayan Range

Verma

Pervez

Mandal

et al. 2022

ACS Earth Space Chem.

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This study inspects the concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) mass and carbonaceous species, including organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC), as well as their thermal fractions in the Indian Himalayan glacier region at the western Himalayan region (WHR; Thajiwas glacier, 2799 m asl), central Himalayan region (CHR; Gomukh glacier, 3415 m asl), and eastern Himalayan region (EHR; Zemu glacier, 2700 m asl) sites, throughout the summer and winter periods of 2019–2020. Ambient PM2.5 samples were collected on quartz fiber filters using a low-volume sampler, followed by carbon (OC and EC) quantification using the IMPROVE_A thermal/optical reflectance methodology. Different seasonal variations in PM2.5 and carbonaceous species levels were found at all three sites investigated. Averaged PM2.5 mass ranged 55–87 μg m–3 with a mean of 55.45 ± 16.30 μg m–3 at WHR, 86.80 ± 35.73 μg m–3 at CHR, and 72.61 ± 24.45 μg m–3 at EHR. Among the eight carbon fractions, high-temperature OC4 (evolved at 580 °C in the helium atmosphere) was the most prevalent carbon fraction, followed by low-temperature OC2 (280 °C) and EC1 (580 °C at 2% oxygen and 98% helium). Char-EC representing incomplete combustion contributed to 56, 67, and 53% of total EC, whereas soot-EC contributed to 38, 26, and 43% of total EC in WHR, CHR, and EHR, respectively. The measured OC/EC ratios imply the presence of secondary organic carbon, whereas char-EC/soot-EC ratios suggested that biomass burning could be the predominant source of carbon at CHR, whereas coal combustion and vehicular emission might be dominant sources at WHR and EHR sites.

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Section: Analytical Procedurescontrasting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Abundance of PM_2.5 Carbonaceous Matter and Their Potential Sources at Three High-Altitude Glacier Sites over the Indian Himalayan Range

Verma

Pervez

Mandal

et al. 2022

ACS Earth Space Chem.

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“…A significant increase in delayed emergency department visits for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases was found to be associated with high temperatures in cities in the US [12,13]. This pattern is consistent with research findings in other countries, e.g., Taiwan, Greece, and India [14][15][16], and the review by Rocque et al [17]. These meteorological factors affecting health are summarized in Rocque et al [17] and include high and low temperatures, heatwaves, diurnal temperature range, and humidity.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Bayesian Approach to Disease Risk Evaluation Based on Air Pollution and Weather Conditions

Wang

Lin

Hsiao

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Background: Environmental factors such as meteorological conditions and air pollutants are recognized as important for human health, where mortality and morbidity of certain diseases may be related to abrupt climate change or air pollutant concentration. In the literature, environmental factors have been identified as risk factors for chronic diseases such as ischemic heart disease. However, the likelihood evaluation of the disease occurrence probability due to environmental factors is missing. Method: We defined people aged 51–90 years who were free from ischemic heart disease (ICD9: 410–414) in 1996–2002 as the susceptible group. A Bayesian conditional logistic regression model based on a case-crossover design was utilized to construct a risk information system and applied to data from three databases in Taiwan: air quality variables from the Environmental Protection Administration (EPA), meteorological parameters from the Central Weather Bureau (CWB), and subject information from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). Results: People living in different geographic regions in Taiwan were found to have different risk factors; thus, disease risk alert intervals varied in the three regions. Conclusions: Disease risk alert intervals can be a reference for weather bureaus to issue health warnings. With early warnings, susceptible groups can take measures to avoid exacerbation of disease when meteorological conditions and air pollution become hazardous to their health.

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“…Nepal is focusing on the Kathmandu valley as air pollution remains high [ 52 , 74 ]. Due to thermal inversion, the weather conditions are harsh in Kathmandu and other valleys, especially in winters [ 75 ]. Nepal’s challenges in controlling air pollution are similar to those of Bangladesh, which has limited capacity to manage air pollution.…”

Section: Ongoing Initiativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Quality, Pollution and Sustainability Trends in South Asia: A Population-Based Study

Jabbar

Ghafoor

Rasheed

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Introduction: Worsening air quality and pollution lead to numerous environmental health and sustainability issues in the South Asia region. This study analyzes India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Nepal for air quality data trends and sustainability indicators. Methodology: By using a population-based study design, six South Asian countries were analyzed using a step-wise approach. Data were obtained from government websites and publicly available repositories for region dynamics and key variables. Results: Between 1990 and 2020, air quality data indicated the highest rise in CO2 emissions in India (578.5 to 2441.8 million tons) (MT), Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan. Greenhouse gas emissions, from 1990 to 2018, nearly tripled in India (1990.4 to 3346.6 MT of CO2-equivalents), Nepal (20.6 to 54.6 MT of CO2-equivalents), and Pakistan, and doubled in Bangladesh. Methane emissions rose the highest in Pakistan (70.4 to 151 MT of CO2-equivalents), followed by Nepal (17 to 31 MT of CO2-equivalents) and India (524.8 to 669.3 MT of CO2-equivalents). Nitrous oxide nearly doubled in Bangladesh (16.5 to 29.3 MT of CO2-equivalents), India (141.6 to 256.9 MT of CO2-equivalents), Nepal (17 to 31 MT of CO2-equivalents), and more than doubled in Pakistan (27 to 61 MT of CO2-equivalents). On noting particulate matter 2,5 annual exposure, India saw the highest rise from 81.3 µg/m3 (in 1990) to 90.9 µg/m3 (2017), whereas trends were steady in Pakistan (60.34 to 58.3 µg/m3). The highest rise was noted in Nepal (87.6 to 99.7 µg/m3) until 2017. During the coronavirus disease 19 pandemic, the pre-and post-pandemic changes between 2018 and 2021 indicated the highest PM2.5 concentration in Bangladesh (76.9 µg/m3), followed by Pakistan (66.8 µg/m3), India (58.1 µg/m3), Nepal (46 µg/m3) and Sri Lanka (17.4 µg/m3). Overall, South Asian countries contribute to the worst air quality and sustainability trends regions worldwide. Conclusions: Air pollution is prevalent across a majority of South Asia countries. Owing to unsustainable industrial practices, pollution trends have risen to hazardous levels. Economic, environmental, and human health impacts have manifested and require urgent, concerted efforts by governing bodies in the region.

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Particulate pollution over an urban Himalayan site: Temporal variability, impact of meteorology and potential source regions

Cited by 20 publications

References 91 publications

Atmospheric Abundance of PM_2.5 Carbonaceous Matter and Their Potential Sources at Three High-Altitude Glacier Sites over the Indian Himalayan Range

Atmospheric Abundance of PM_2.5 Carbonaceous Matter and Their Potential Sources at Three High-Altitude Glacier Sites over the Indian Himalayan Range

Bayesian Approach to Disease Risk Evaluation Based on Air Pollution and Weather Conditions

Air Quality, Pollution and Sustainability Trends in South Asia: A Population-Based Study

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Particulate pollution over an urban Himalayan site: Temporal variability, impact of meteorology and potential source regions

Cited by 20 publications

References 91 publications

Atmospheric Abundance of PM2.5 Carbonaceous Matter and Their Potential Sources at Three High-Altitude Glacier Sites over the Indian Himalayan Range

Atmospheric Abundance of PM2.5 Carbonaceous Matter and Their Potential Sources at Three High-Altitude Glacier Sites over the Indian Himalayan Range

Bayesian Approach to Disease Risk Evaluation Based on Air Pollution and Weather Conditions

Air Quality, Pollution and Sustainability Trends in South Asia: A Population-Based Study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Atmospheric Abundance of PM_2.5 Carbonaceous Matter and Their Potential Sources at Three High-Altitude Glacier Sites over the Indian Himalayan Range

Atmospheric Abundance of PM_2.5 Carbonaceous Matter and Their Potential Sources at Three High-Altitude Glacier Sites over the Indian Himalayan Range