Parvovirus B19: Evaluation of Incidence, Prevalence and Risk Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Ante-Natal Clinic in Nasarawa State, North Central of Nigeria

Abstract

Trans-placental transmission of parvovirus B19 during pregnancy has been reported as one of the leading causes of non-immune fetal hydrops, spontaneous abortion or intra-uterine fetal death. We therefore set out to determine the presence of parvovirus B19 (Ig G and IgM) antibodies and their risk factors among pregnant wo men attending antenatal clin ic, at Federal Medical Center, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.A total of 273 pregnant women (Age range 15-40 years) participated after informed consent and clearance fro m the research ethics committee. Each filled a self-ad ministered questionnaire and donated blood samples between January and August 2012. A reco mbinant parvovirus B19 IgM and Ig G ELISA kit fro m DeMediTec (USA) was used for the assays.Of the 273 participants, 36 (13.2 %) had IgM antibodies, while 75 (27.5%) had Ig G antibodies with those aged 15-20 and 36-40 years having the highest incidence and prevalence rates. Being a house wife, having more ch ild ren and histories of blood transfusion, miscarriage and still b irth were associated with infection (P < 0.05).The study reveals high incidence and prevalence of parvovirus B19 infect ion among the pregnant women. The presence of parvovirus B19 IgM antibody particularly in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy poses the danger of likely trans placental transmission leading to spontaneous abortion and intra-uterine fetal death.

Association of Hemoglobin Electrophoretic Phenotype with Human Parvovirus B19 infection among Pregnant Women attending Abuja Tertiary Hospital, Nigeria

“…About 6.0% of the pregnant women had detectable anti-B19V IgM, which indicated recent. This is similar to findings of a Libyan and an Iran studies which reported anti-B19V IgM seroprevalence of 5% and 10%, respectively, among pregnant women (19,20). It should be considered that 1.0% of participants had B19V re-infection.…”

“…The seroprevalence of anti-B19V IgM and IgG based on parity of the participants were also investigated, 32 participants were nulliparous, 82 were primiparous while 86 were multiparous. Among the nulliparous participants 28.2% (9) were positive for anti-B19V IgG while 3.1% were positive for anti-B19V IgM, out of the 82 Primiparous participants 23.2% (19) were positive for anti-B19V IgG while 6.1% were positive for anti-B19V IgM. Eighty-six (19.8%) multiparous participants were anti-B19V IgG positive while 6 (6.9%) were positive for anti-B19V IgM ( Table 3).…”

Prevalence of parvovirus B19 antibodies in pregnant women in northern Benin

“…The prevalence of IgG among pregnant women in Benin (67.4%) is similar to that found in other African countries such as Libya, Sudan and Tanzania [16, 23, 35], but is higher than those reported in some studies of a confining country such as Nigeria with values ranging from 20% to 50% depending on the area studied [25, 31–33, 38, 39, 41]. We saw no significant variations in IgG prevalence with age.…”

“…Although an increase in prevalence with age is described in the literature [7], it is also reported that in African pregnant women, there is no such difference as they have already encountered the infection before reaching the age of conception [23, 25, 34]. We also found no difference between trimesters of pregnancy (there are conflicting data in the literature [32, 34, 35]), nor in relation to cases of abortion [34, 41]. Instead, we found a significant difference in relation to occupation, with a higher prevalence among housewives than other occupations, as previously reported [31–33].…”

“…This higher prevalence was correlated to the number of children, who are considered to be the main source of infection in household contacts [42,43]. In our study, however, unlike other studies [23,25,31,32], we found no differences according to the number of pregnancies or the number of children. One possible explanation is that housewives are probably in contact with children from other family groups in rural communities where several families occupy the same premises.…”