Passive‐Aggressive Personality Disorder

Abstract

The concept of Passive‐Aggressive Personality Disorder (PAPD) is less controversial than its validity. The disorder used to be known as Negativistic Personality Disorder (NEGPD) and has undergone several changes in terms of its classification, criteria, and appearance within empirical studies. Its original appearance in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders was in 1952 ( DSM‐I; American Psychiatric Association [APA]). Criteria for this disorder centered on dispositional qualities of individuals who would passively resist demands related to everyday routines (Rotenstein et al., 2007). Subsequent versions of the DSM would lead to revised criteria by which PAPD was identified within clinical fields. Clinicians responsible for these revisions often related their rationale for doing so because of clients' tendencies to show pervasive oppositional thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that also manifested themselves within interpersonal relationships (Ritzler & Gerevitz‐Stern, 2007).

Determinants of influenza and COVID-19 vaccine intent or uptake in Lebanon: a scoping review of the literature

“…Other factors included socio-demographics, health-related, context-related, attitudes, hesitancy and others that varied between populations. Populations in the MENA region consist of diverse yet unique ethnic, linguistic, sectarian, familial, tribal, religious, socioeconomic, and national identities [ 18 ]. However, the socio-cultural fabric in Lebanon differs from its neighboring countries [ 19 ].…”