Passive Strategies for the Prevention of Muscle Wasting During Recovery from Sports Injuries

Abstract

Background Recovery from sport injuries commonly involves a muscle disuse situation (i.e., reduction in physical activity levels sometimes preceded by joint immobilization) with subsequent negative effects on muscle mass and function. Purpose To summarize the current body of knowledge on the effectiveness of different physical strategies that are currently available to mitigate the negative effects of muscle disuse during recovery from sports injury. Methods A narrative review was conducted to summarize the information available on neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), blood flow restriction (BFR) and vibration intervention. Results The concomitant application of BFR and low-intensity exercise has shown promising results in the prevention of disuse-induced muscle atrophy. Some benefits might also be obtained with BFR alone (i.e., with no exercise), but evidence is still inconclusive. NMES, which can be applied both passively and synchronously with exercise, can also attenuate most of the negative changes associated with disuse periods. In turn, the mechanical stimulus elicited by vibration seems effective to reduce the loss of bone mineral density that accompanies muscle disuse and could also provide some benefits at the muscle tissue level. Conclusions Different physical strategies are available to attenuate disuse-induced negative consequences during recovery from injury. These interventions can be applied passively, which makes them feasible during the first stages of the recovery. However, it would be advisable to apply these strategies in conjunction with low-intensity voluntary exercise as soon as this is feasible.

Application of Tissue Engineered Nanomaterials in Meniscus Sports Injury Repair

“…As shown in Figures 4 , 5 : it can be seen that the filtered acceleration signal retains most of the energy of the original signal, and also effectively removes interference, and the filtering effect is good ( Valenzuela et al, 2019 ). However, the filtering effect cannot be quantitatively evaluated from the figure.…”

“…At the same time, the variance of the state estimation error shown in the figure is very small, which means that the EKF can better estimate the state of the model from the observable short time series. These estimated motion state variables are then used as the basis for subsequent normative judgments ( Valenzuela et al, 2019 ).…”

Demonstration of Threshold Vibrator Strapped on tendon of Achilles

“…Furthermore, it appears to be effective in reducing bone deterioration caused by inactivity. After 2 months of bed calm, 10 minutes of twitching per day has been enough via reduce either completely eliminate the deleterious effects of immobility on the spine (i.e., boost shot height, intravertebral band amplification, and switch in band bunching), as well as pre-valences about posterior discomfort (6).WBV strengthens muscles and improves their function. The neural pathways produced by WBV help to support increased muscle activity.…”