Passive surveillance of Leptospira infection in swine in Germany

Strutzberg-Minder, Katrin; Tschentscher, Astrid; Beyerbach, Martin; Homuth, Matthias; Kreienbrock, Lothar

doi:10.1186/s40813-018-0086-5

Cited by 29 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In the current study, anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies were detected in 59.3% of the pigs tested, which is a high prevalence, 2-3 times higher compared to similar studies performed in Italy [32] and Germany [33], and close to that reported by Cruz-Romero et al from small households in Mexico [34].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Potential sources of infection with selected zoonotic agents in the veterinary work environment – pilot studies

Wójcik-Fatla

Sroka

Zając

et al. 2020

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Introduction and Objective. The problem of occupational biohazards is very important, especially in the field of agriculture and in human and veterinary medicine. The aim of the study was to determine the potential sources of infection in veterinary professionals with selected zoonotic agents, including: Toxoplasma gondii, Giardia duodenalis, Leptospira spp., Cryptosporidium spp. and Coxiella burnetii. Materials and Method. A total of 50 air samples from barns, piggeries and veterinary surgeries were examined for the presence of Leptospira spp. and C. burnetii DNA. Serum samples of 86 pigs and 80 cows were tested for the presence of antibodies to Leptospira spp. and to phase I and II C. burnetii antigens. Serum of 70 cats were tested for the presence of antibodies to T. gondii and 65 samples of cat faeces for the presence of T. gondii oocysts. The presence of G. duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. were examined in 50 of dog faeces and 50 of bovine faeces samples. Results. DNA of Leptospira spp. was detected in 2 air samples from the piggeries (4%). C. burnetii DNA was not found in any sample. Anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies were detected in 51 (59.3%) of examined pigs. Neither anti-Leptospira spp. nor anti-C. burnetii antibodies were found among samples of bovine serum. Anti-T. gondii antibodies was found in 52 cat serum samples (74.3%). Among samples of cat faeces, no T. gondii oocysts were detected. In one sample of cattle stool (2%), G. duodenalis was detected and in another (2%)-Cryptosporidium spp. G. duodenalis was detected in 7 samples (14%) and Cryptosporidium spp. in 2 samples (2%) of dog faeces. Conclusions. The results of this study demonstrate the potential risk of infection with Leptospira spp. in veterinarians working with pigs. Veterinarians could be also be at risk of infection with T. gondii and G. duodenalis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Potential sources of infection with selected zoonotic agents in the veterinary work environment – pilot studies

Wójcik-Fatla

Sroka

Zając

et al. 2020

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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“…The total of positive sera (77.5%) indicates a high seropositivity of swine leptospirosis in the popu-lation, similar to a report in breeding sows in Vietnam where found a seroprevalence of 73% [9], and differs with other report of 16.1% in the state of Alagoas in Brazil [47]. These results reflect the possibility of increased economic losses for pig farmers and for the economy of countries, taking into account that the prevalence of leptospirosis in pigs in Central America is between 17% and 75% [44].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Alteration of the Reproductive Indicators by the Presence of Leptospira spp. in Sows of Swine Farms

Ospina-Pinto

Rincón-Pardo

Soler-Tovar

et al. 2019

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background:Leptospirosis is a worldwide disease that impacts health, welfare and animal production. Manifestations in swine range from subclinical to severe cases of reproductive failure, generating abortions, embryonic resorption, litters with few piglets, and piglets born weak or dead, which causes great economic losses. Tropical conditions in Colombia favor transmission and maintenance of Leptospira, highlighting the importance of implementing direct diagnostic techniques such as isolation through culture to reach a definitive diagnosis. The objective of the present study was to relate reproductive indicators behavior with the presence of Leptospira spp. in two pig farms in Cundinamarca, Colombia. Materials, Methods & Results:Sows in reproductive stage in two pig farms were selected. A clinical examination of the animals was performed to demonstrate the presence of signs suggestive of Leptospirosis, also the sow records were reviewed to find reports of any of these clinical manifestations, and the average of the reproductive indicators was calculated to set which were altered in the sows. Blood and urine samples were obtained and analyzed by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and isolation through culture, respectively. Among the altered reproductive indicators were identified: total pigs born (TPB) in 72.5%, stillbirths (SB) by 70%, mummified pigs (MUM) in a 52.5%, pre-weaning death (PWD) by 40% and the 24 h mortality (M24h) in the 20%. The 77.5% of the sows were positive by MAT. The predominant serovars of Leptospira spp. included Grippotyphosa (67.5%), Canicola (22.5%), Icterohaemorrhagiae (20%), Hardjo (17.5%) and Pomona (12.5%). The bacterium was isolated in 32.5% of the analyzed urine samples. There is increased risk of alteration in the indicators M24h (1.27), TPB (1.08), SB (1.15) and MUM (1.27) with the presence of Leptospira by isolation through culture. Discussion: The birth of weak piglets and the alteration of indicators such as SB were the most common findings in this study, which are of the major alterations caused by the bacteria because Leptospira can be located in the uterus. Positive cultures, 32.5% (13/40), indicate a high percentage of positive animals in the population. The total of positive culture results reveal that humans, pigs and other animal species from the farms and surrounding areas, are at risk of exposure to the bacteria, because these positive sows are eliminating the microorganism through urine to the environment, representing a problem for public health. This is why it is important to perform the identification of bacteria in urine. It establishes whether the animal is a carrier, although the non-detection of the microorganism in the urine does not rule out that this is a chronic renal carrier because it may indicate that at the moment of the test the animal was not excreting detectable amounts of the bacteria. The total of positive sera (77.5%) indicates a high seropositivity of swine leptospirosis in the population. Regarding serovars of Leptospira spp. identified, Grip...

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“…The prevalence of chlamydia and leptospira pathogens in the swine population is largely unknown and may differ among global regions. Strict hygiene measures can greatly aid in controlling the introduction of these pathogens into a boar stud 52,53 . Nonetheless, the efficacy of low temperature semen storage on the growth of specific pathogens should be considered in future studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sperm function in vitro and fertility after antibiotic-free, hypothermic storage of liquid preserved boar semen

Waberski

Luther

Grünther

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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The role of antibiotics (AB) in semen extenders as a potential contribution to the global antimicrobial resistance threat is emerging. Here, we establish an AB-free hypothermic preservation strategy for boar semen and investigate its impact on sperm function, microbial load and fertility after artificial insemination (AI). Spermatozoa (12 boars) preserved in AB-free AndroStar Premium extender at 5 °C maintained high motility, membrane integrity, and a low DNA-fragmentation index throughout 72 h storage and results did not significantly differ from controls stored at 17 °C in extender containing AB (p = 0.072). Likewise, kinetic response of spermatoza to the capacitation stimulus bicarbonate during 180 min incubation in Tyrode’s medium did not differ from 17 °C-controls. In a competitive sperm oviduct binding assay, binding indices did not differ between semen stored for 72 h AB-free at 5 °C and 17 °C-controls (n = 6 boars). Bacterial load < 103 CFU/ml after 72 h was measured in 88.9% of samples stored at 5 °C AB-free compared to 97.2% in 17 °C-controls (n = 36 semen pools, 23 boars). Fertility traits of 817 females did not differ significantly between the two semen groups (p > 0.05). In conclusion, a hypothermic semen preservation strategy is presented which offers antibiotic-free storage of boar semen doses.

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Passive surveillance of Leptospira infection in swine in Germany

Cited by 29 publications

References 11 publications

Potential sources of infection with selected zoonotic agents in the veterinary work environment – pilot studies

Potential sources of infection with selected zoonotic agents in the veterinary work environment – pilot studies

Alteration of the Reproductive Indicators by the Presence of Leptospira spp. in Sows of Swine Farms

Sperm function in vitro and fertility after antibiotic-free, hypothermic storage of liquid preserved boar semen

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