Pastoral Practices and Common Use of Pastureland: The Case of Karakul, North-Eastern Tajik Pamirs

Watanabe, Teiji; Shirasaka, Shigeru

doi:10.3390/ijerph15122725

Cited by 4 publications

References 34 publications

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Between commons and anticommons: a nested common-private interface framework

Li,

Kerven

2024

Humanit Soc Sci Commun

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The collapse of the former Soviet Union signaled failure of large-scale experiment in communitarian property. Privatization reform consequently was taken as the start point to transfer the planned economy to a market economy by the post socialist countries. This also occurred in economic transition countries such as China. However, in overcoming the tragedy of the commons privatization might create anticommons problems. Here we develop a nested common-private interface framework from the perspective of resource system and resource units and apply this framework to explain reforms of rangeland property in China and Kyrgyzstan. We confirmed that the root of the dilemma, either caused by commons or anticommons, can be attributed to the interface mismatch between individual elements and common elements. Trying to overcome the dilemma by changing property arrangements alone cannot eliminate the incentive mismatch caused by the common-private interface. Institutions aimed at alleviating the mismatch are accordingly required. Theoretically, this framework converts Ostrom’s concept of commons into liberal commons that the members have options to exit, which is becoming increasingly common in the current global context of marketization. In the real world, this framework can serve to understand the property reform progress of transition countries, and may enlighten future property reforms.

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Between commons and anticommons: a nested common-private interface framework

Li,

Kerven

2024

Humanit Soc Sci Commun

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Food security in high mountains of Central Asia: A broader perspective

Sidle¹,

Khan²,

Caiserman³

et al. 2023

BioScience

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Addressing food security in high mountains is a multidimensional conundrum because of complex climate patterns and environmental attributes. These conditions affect water supplies, biodiversity, droughts, and other hazards. The climate change–land degradation nexus, although it is difficult to disentangle, poses formidable challenges. Isolated mountain villages, coupled with poverty, a strained subsistence existence, conflict, and marginal lands make the residents vulnerable to malnutrition, stunting, and food access. Because the arable land is mostly in confined valleys, food production is insufficient. The soils are typically infertile, with little organic matter; on hillslopes, thin soil and rock cover, coupled with short growing seasons, restrict crop production. High-elevation pastures are overgrazed, and the natural hazard impacts on food security are often overlooked. We examine food security through these multifaceted stressors, instead of merely focusing on production and distribution, and present an integrated approach to assess natural and anthropogenic stressors and feedback loops affecting food security linked to planning, mitigation, and coping strategies.

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Sustainable transhumance practices in European landscapes. A comparative study

Pablo

Gylfi²,

Daníel

2023

Preprint

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Transhumant practices are a clear and diachronic example of sustainable use of the available pasture land, taking advantage of climatic and environmental differences between summer and winter pastures. This more balanced use of natural resources has an ancient history and made it possible for local communities in rural societies to exploit areas that would otherwise not have been used for agricultural purposes. Industrialisation, globalisation, and the collapse of rural economy in the 20th century led to a profound transformation of these traditional pastoral practices. In this paper, we present a cursory look on transhumance from Northern Iceland and Eastern Spain to give us an insight regarding how different communities strived towards sustainable livestock practice and landscape management in the past. Traditional pastoralism aims to use balancing strategies to prevent the degradation of land and the environment. The implementation of seasonal schedules of pasture areas to avoid overgrazing, implementing control regarding the utilisation of the grazing areas, and setting disputes between different social groups that have access to the pasture lands are great examples of social strategies maintained by transhumance communities to promote sustainable landscape management. This paper will examine archaeological and ethnoarchaeological evidence to enable the comparison between the two selected case studies. We believe that the diversity and complex history of these case studies can offer us a valuable lesson of good practice for a sustainable and environmentally friendly use of European pastoral territories in present-day societies.

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Pastoral Practices and Common Use of Pastureland: The Case of Karakul, North-Eastern Tajik Pamirs

Cited by 4 publications

References 34 publications

Between commons and anticommons: a nested common-private interface framework

Between commons and anticommons: a nested common-private interface framework

Food security in high mountains of Central Asia: A broader perspective

Sustainable transhumance practices in European landscapes. A comparative study

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