Patch test results in paediatric patients with atopic dermatitis in Laos

Wootton, Catriona I.; Sodaly, Mong K.; Billamay, Somxay; English, John; Mayxay, Mayfong

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0231455

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Nickel is the most common allergen in the United States, thimerosal is the most common in Spain, 14 and the most common allergen in Asia is gold. 80 Furthermore, the regulation of allergens varies by country (eg, quaternium-15 is banned in Europe but not in the United States), which affects overall sensitization rates. 15,22…”

Section: Top Allergens In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric allergic contact dermatitis. Part I: Clinical features and common contact allergens in children

Neale

Garza-Mayers

Tam

et al. 2021

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

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Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), a delayed hypersensitivity skin reaction to environmental allergens, has a prevalence that is similar in children and adults. However, diagnostic testing for ACD in pediatric populations accounts for less than one tenth of all patch tests. The relative infrequency of pediatric patch testing may be attributed to the difficulty in testing in this population, which includes a smaller surface area for patch test placement and maintaining cooperation during patch testing, especially in younger children. Diagnosis can be difficult in children because the appearance of ACD can mimic other common pediatric skin conditions, particularly atopic dermatitis and irritant contact dermatitis. Comprehensive history taking, guided by patient presentation, age group, and location of dermatitis, helps build clinical suspicion. Such clinical suspicion is one of the major reasons behind patch testing, with additional indications being recalcitrant dermatitis and dermatitis with atypical distribution. US pediatric data have shown the top allergens to be metals, fragrances, topical antibiotics, preservatives, and emollients. These trends are important to recognize to guide management and accurate diagnosis, because ACD tends to persist if the allergen is not identified and can affect patients' quality of life.

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Section: Top Allergens In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric allergic contact dermatitis. Part I: Clinical features and common contact allergens in children

Neale

Garza-Mayers

Tam

et al. 2021

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

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“…As the only one of the selected substances, PPD is being tested routinely in baseline series all over the world for many decades, usually at 1% pet., or as TRUE Test allergen at 80 μg/cm 2 . Thereby, the literature search, which had been formulated sensitively to allow identification of all relevant articles, yielded a vast number of studies 10–96 . These did not (only) include hairdressers, but can serve as background information on the general prevalence of PPD contact allergy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review on skin adverse effects of important hazardous hair cosmetic ingredients with a focus on hairdressers

et al. 2022

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Background: The burden of occupational hand eczema in hairdressers is high, and (partly strong) allergens abound in the hair cosmetic products they use.Objectives: To systematically review published evidence concerning contact allergy to an indicative list of active ingredients of hair cosmetics, namely, p-phenylenediamine (PPD), toluene-2,5-diamine (PTD), persulfates, mostly ammonium persulfate (APS), glyceryl thioglycolate (GMTG), and ammonium thioglycolate (ATG), concerning the prevalence of sensitization, particularly in terms of a comparison (relative risk; RR) between hairdressers and non-hairdressers.Methods: Following a PROSPERO-registered and published protocol, eligible literature published from 2000 to February 2021 was identified, yielding 322 publications, and extracted in standardized publication record forms, also considering risk of bias.Results: Based on 141 publications, the contact allergy prevalence to PPD was 4.3% (95% CI: 3.8-4.9%) in consecutively patch tested patients. Other ingredients were mostly tested in an aimed fashion, yielding variable, and partly high contact allergy prevalences. Where possible, the RR was calculated, yielding an average increased sensitization risk in hairdressers of between 5.4 (PPD) and 3.4 (ATG). Additional evidence related to immediate-type hypersensitivity, experimental results, exposures, and information from case reports was qualitatively synthesized.

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“…Recent studies from European countries estimated the rate of PPD allergy in childhood at 2.3%-6%. 5,18 Additionally, studies out of Turkey determined the rate at 5%-8.4% and it was also among the top 10 allergens. 8,9 Five patients in our study showed PPD allergy.…”

Section: Ta B L Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Results of the patch tests with European baseline series in children: Five years of experience from a single center in Turkey and a review of the literature

Kakşi

Cebeci

Akdeniz

et al. 2022

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

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Background Pediatric allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is increasingly prevalent. Patch testing is the gold‐standard diagnostic method. Aims Our study aimed to identify common contact‐sensitizing allergens in Turkish children. Patients/Methods We retrospectively analyzed the patch test results and characteristics of 191 pediatric patients [114 (59.7%) females, 77 (40.3%) males], who received the diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis between 2015 and 2019. Results The mean age of the patients was 12.2 years (range 4–18 years). Thirty‐six (18.8%) of the patients in the study group had positive patch test outcomes with 56 positive allergens. Girls had a significantly higher rate of total positive patch test results than boys (75%/25%; p = 0.003, p < 0.05). The most frequent four allergens were nickel sulfate (n = 20, 10.4%), cobalt chloride (n = 6, 3.14%), p‐phenylenediamine (n = 5, 2.61%), Methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (n = 5, 2.61%), respectively. Conclusions In our study, we discovered that in addition to the frequently encountered metal allergens such as nickel and cobalt, p‐phenylenediamine and Methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone sensitivities were frequent in the Turkish population. p‐phenylenediamine sensitization can cause serious systemic dermatitis during the lifetime of children. We suggest that in Turkey personal care and hygiene products containing Methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone should be legally regulated. Since childhood contact dermatitis may have an impact on the quality of life by influencing family and social life, suspected allergens should be detected as early as possible.

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Patch test results in paediatric patients with atopic dermatitis in Laos

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

Pediatric allergic contact dermatitis. Part I: Clinical features and common contact allergens in children

Pediatric allergic contact dermatitis. Part I: Clinical features and common contact allergens in children

Systematic review on skin adverse effects of important hazardous hair cosmetic ingredients with a focus on hairdressers

Results of the patch tests with European baseline series in children: Five years of experience from a single center in Turkey and a review of the literature

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