Paternalism vs. Autonomy: Are They Alternative Types of Formal Care?

Fernández-Ballesteros, Rocı́o; Sánchez‐Izquierdo, Macarena; Olmos, Ricardo; Huici, Carmen; Casado, José Manuel Ribera; Cruz-Jentoft, Alfonso J.

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01460

Cited by 40 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Similarly, Basotho paternalistic ontology considers the gist of paternalism as doing good for the benefit of the child ( Grill, 2007 ). In this article, paternalism is taken to refer to a father who is the “…head of the family, an authority figure responsible for the welfare of family members and other subordinates and dependents” ( Fernández-Ballesteros et al., 2019 , p. 1). However, feminism emerged strongly as a counter-narrative to patriarchy and, rightfully so, in practices that subjugate women and girls.…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Basotho ontology of disability: An afrocentric onto-epistemology

Sefotho

2021

Heliyon

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This theoretical article offers a diachronic analysis that is a rebuttal of ontological hegemony of disability as negative. The article is premised on the Ubuntu paradigm from which African wisdom is mostly anchored in idioms and proverbs. This article emerges as a reflection on a Sesotho proverb: Sehole ho ‘Ma-sona ha se lahloe (A child with a disability is never abandoned by the mother). The aim of this article is to demonstrate that Basotho ontology of disability portrays an ubuntu cultural acceptance of people with disabilities as equally human as all human beings. A purposive focus group sample of ten parents of youth with intellectual disability discussed the proverb and shared their experiences of raising a child with disability; and, what the proverb: Sehole ho ‘Ma-sona ha se lahloe mean to them? The qualitative data from the focus group was used to support the theoretical adaptation of Basotho ontology in revising the current understanding of disability. The themes reported in this article are: experiences of raising a child with intellectual disability and a child's love begins with a parent.

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Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Basotho ontology of disability: An afrocentric onto-epistemology

Sefotho

2021

Heliyon

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“…While according to some authors this form of paternalism is frequently employed by human caregivers in daily routines in elderly homes and day care (Gallagher 1998;Fernández-Ballesteros et al 2019), from the perspective of ethical robot design any form of strong paternalism should be avoided (Sorell and Draper 2014). Artificially intelligent systems lack the proper judgment, empathy, and professional knowledge necessary to make such far-reaching decisions that deeply interfere with the user's autonomy (Häyry 1991).…”

Section: Loss Of Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Should my robot know what's best for me? Human–robot interaction between user experience and ethical design

2021

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To integrate social robots in real-life contexts, it is crucial that they are accepted by the users. Acceptance is not only related to the functionality of the robot but also strongly depends on how the user experiences the interaction. Established design principles from usability and user experience research can be applied to the realm of human–robot interaction, to design robot behavior for the comfort and well-being of the user. Focusing the design on these aspects alone, however, comes with certain ethical challenges, especially regarding the user’s privacy and autonomy. Based on an example scenario of human–robot interaction in elder care, this paper discusses how established design principles can be used in social robotic design. It then juxtaposes these with ethical considerations such as privacy and user autonomy. Combining user experience and ethical perspectives, we propose adjustments to the original design principles and canvass our own design recommendations for a positive and ethically acceptable social human–robot interaction design. In doing so, we show that positive user experience and ethical design may be sometimes at odds, but can be reconciled in many cases, if designers are willing to adjust and amend time-tested design principles.

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“…A trusting physician-patient relationship is essential to the success of medical care, since patient-centred medicine is characterised by a bidirectional interaction between the patient and physician at all stages of the decisionmaking process. [1][2][3][4] From the first moment, physicians work to build an effective relationship with their patients. Recent studies suggest that first impressions, once they occur, remain relatively stable over time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What attributes do patients prefer in a family physician? A cross-sectional study in a northern region of Portugal

Nuno

Fernandes²,

Silva³

et al. 2021

BMJ Open

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ObjectivesTo determine which modifiable and non-modifiable attributes patients prefer in a family physician, as well as to analyse participants’ characteristics associated with their choices.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingFamily healthcare units (FHU) in the city of Braga and Barcelos (Northern Portugal).ParticipantsAdults aged 18 years or more, enrolled in the selected FHU.Main outcome measuresThe preferred attributes were assessed with a questionnaire delivered in the FHU. These attributes included gender, age and nationality and the importance of being Portuguese, of greeting with a handshake, of welcoming in the waiting area, of using an identification badge and of wearing a white coat.ResultsA total of 556 questionnaires were included in the analysis; 66% and 58% of the participants had no preference for the gender or age of the family physician, respectively. Using a multinomial logistic regression, male participants were 3.8 times more likely to have a preference for a male physician than having no preference, in comparison to female participants (OR 3.864, 95% CI 1.96 to 7.61). More than 69% of the participants considered greeting with a handshake, using an identification badge and wearing a white coat important or very important. There was a statistically significant association between being Portuguese and the major importance given to the use of an identification badge (β=0.68, 95% CI 0.23 to 1.12).ConclusionsOur data show that modifiable attributes of the family physician (greeting, presence of an identification badge and wearing a white coat) are important for patients. Potential changes in family physician attitude in consultation could ultimately affect patient–physician relationship.

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Paternalism vs. Autonomy: Are They Alternative Types of Formal Care?

Cited by 40 publications

References 33 publications

Basotho ontology of disability: An afrocentric onto-epistemology

Basotho ontology of disability: An afrocentric onto-epistemology

Should my robot know what's best for me? Human–robot interaction between user experience and ethical design

What attributes do patients prefer in a family physician? A cross-sectional study in a northern region of Portugal

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