Path Loss Measurements and Model Analysis in an Indoor Corridor Environment at 28 GHz and 38 GHz

Abstract

This paper examines the large-scale path loss models for an indoor corridor environment at frequencies of 28 and 38 GHz. The measurement environment consists of an indoor corridor with both line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line of sight (NLOS) scenarios using vertical–vertical (V–V) and vertical–horizontal (V–H) antenna polarizations. The single-frequency close-in (CI), floating intercept (FI), free space large-scale path loss models and measured data from the measurement campaign were used to evaluate the performance analysis. The paper also focuses on various parameters, such as standard deviation, path loss exponent (PLE), accuracy, simplicity, and stability of the models. The analysis focuses on the peculiarity of the effect of the wall proximity on the path loss parameters as well as comparisons with the parameters in some of the reviewed literature studies. The FI and CI models produce comparable results for both antenna polarizations and clearly fit with the measured path loss. The PLE, with the highest value of 3.33 at 38 GHz (V–H), is much higher in the NLOS scenario with V–H polarization due to the signal degradation along the path from the transmitter (Tx) to the receiver (Rx). This is because there is no direct LOS between the Tx and Rx antennas. The Rx only relies on signal diffractions and reflections from obstacles as it transmits through the path from the Tx antenna. The path loss measurements and model analysis presented here are useful in designing 5G wireless communication systems for indoor environments, particularly for power budget calculations.

Performance analysis of improved path loss models for millimeter-wave wireless network channels at 28 GHz and 38 GHz

“…The two parameters of the FI model are the path loss line slope β and the intercept ∝, as shown in Eq (16) [ 1 , 46 ]: Where PL FI ( d ) depicts the PL in dB, and represents the gaussian random variable with a zero mean. The models perform equally well overall in estimating the PL, despite there being a desire for one model over the other depending on the operating FB, environment, and transmitting circumstances of the mobile communication system [ 10 , 32 , 62 , 63 ].…”

“…The two parameters of the FI model are the path loss line slope β and the intercept /, as shown in Eq (16) [1,46]:…”

“…In the last few years, there has been a tremendous amount of change in the field of telecommunications. There is a need for general improvement of today's mobile communication system in order to meet future expectations and challenges [1,2]. 5G mobile networks are widely expected to address some important issues, including higher data rates, widespread device connectivity, larger capacity, low cost and dependability [2][3][4][5][6][7][8].…”

“…Furthermore, the business world has recognized the value of wireless communication, particularly for gigabit speeds, longer range connectivity, and high-quality multi-media, voice, as well as data services [1,10,[13][14][15][16]. Because these bands have the potential for the implementation of 5G wireless networks and meeting future demands, there has been an increase in recent years in research into the mmWave FB (30-300 GHz) [7].…”

“…In the mmWave FB, massive contiguous blocks of raw bandwidth are available, allowing for increased data flow for various multimedia services. The upper centimeter wave (cm wave) bands of the licensed spectrum will remain accessible to 5G technology [1,10,[17][18][19][20][21][22].…”