Path of Glucose Breakdown and Cell Yields of a Facultative Anaerobe, Actinomyces naeslundii

Buchanan, Bob B.; Pine, Leo

doi:10.1099/00221287-46-2-225

Cited by 46 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The above results also indicate that C . pyogenes is metabolically more similar to Actinomyces (Buchanan & Pine, 1967) than to lactic acid bacteria as previously suggested (Barksdale, 1970;Cummins et al, 1974).…”

Section: Eflect Of Haemin and H C 0 : On Glucose Fermentation By C Psupporting

confidence: 62%

“…The results also suggest that in SFM C. pyogenes apparently fixes C 0 2 (or HCO,) to produce succinate. This succinate pathway, demonstrated previously in other bacteria, is known to yield additional ATP coupled to fumarate reduction to succinate (Buchanan & Pine, 1967;Kroger, 1974;Macy et al, 1973;Reddy & Peck, 1978;Jacobs & Wolin, 1963;deVries et a/., 1974;White et a/., 1962). If energy is conserved during fumarate reduction by C. pyogenes, this would explain the higher yields associated with increased succinate production in SFM (Table 1).…”

Section: Eflect Of Haemin and H C 0 : On Glucose Fermentation By C Pmentioning

confidence: 80%

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Physiological and Nutritional Features of Corynebacterium pyogenes

Reddy¹,

Cornell²

1982

Microbiology

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Growth and acid metabolic products were similar when Corynebacterium pyogenes was grown aerobically or anaerobically in a serum-free medium (SFM). This indicated that C. pyogenes obtains energy for growth primarily by fermentative metabolism even under aerobic growth conditions. Growth yield was reduced by 90% in SFM minus glucose, 50% in SFM minus NaHC03, 90% in SFM minus yeast extract, 100% in SFM minus Trypticase and yeast extract, and 30% in SFM minus haemin or Trypticase. Growth was not detectable when a known mixture of amino acids, vitamins, and nucleic acid bases were substituted for Trypticase and yeast extract in SFM; addition to the latter medium of a peptide source such as Trypticase or casitone supported good growth of the organism. When NaHCO, was omitted from SFM and dissolved COz in the medium was rigorously excluded, growth was undetectable indicating that C. pyogenes has an obligate requirement for CO, for growth. Succinate, formate and acetate were the major fermentation products in SFM, whereas in SFM minus HCO, or haemin, lactate was the major product and only small quantities of other acids accumulated.

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Section: Eflect Of Haemin and H C 0 : On Glucose Fermentation By C Psupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Eflect Of Haemin and H C 0 : On Glucose Fermentation By C Pmentioning

confidence: 80%

Physiological and Nutritional Features of Corynebacterium pyogenes

Reddy¹,

Cornell²

1982

Microbiology

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“…Phosphoglucomutase (EC 5.4.2.2) and acetate kinase (EC 2.7.2.1) were assayed by the procedures of Bergmeyer et al (1983). Phosphogluconate dehydratase (EC 4.2.1 .12) and 6-phospho-2-keto-3-deoxygluconate aldolase (EC 4.1 .2.14) were assayed together as described by van Dijken & Quayle (1977). The assay for pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40) was that of Tuominen & Bernlohr (1975).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Bicarbonate on the Growth of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in Anaerobic Fructose-limited Chemostat Culture

1989

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The effect of bicarbonate on the growth and product formation by a periodontopathic bacterium, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, was examined in an anaerobic chemostat culture with fructose as the limiting nutrient. The chemostat cultures were run at dilution rates between 0.04 and 0.25 h-' and the maximum growth yield ( Y::&,se) was estimated to be 40-3 and 61.7 g dry wt (mol fructose)-' in the absence and presence of bicarbonate, respectively. The major fermentation products in the absence of bicarbonate were formate, acetate, ethanol and succinate, with small amounts of lactate. The addition of bicarbonate to the medium resulted in a marked decrease in ethanol production and in a significant increase in succinate production. Washed cells possessed activity for the cleavage of formate to C 0 2 and H2, which seemed to play a role in supplying CO, for the synthesis of succinate in the absence of bicarbonate. The study of enzyme activities in cell-free extracts suggested that fructose was fermented by the Embden-

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“…In addition, their metabolic properties can be modulated by several environmental factors in the oral ecosystem Takahashi et al, 1994). Therefore (Buchanan and Pine, 1967;Takahashi et al, 1995), which is widely distributed in saccharolytic bacteria. However, A. naeslundii cells operate this pathway in a manner different from that of the oral streptococci which comprise the other dominant part of the saccharolytic bacteria in dental plaque and whose glycolysis has been studied intensively (Yamada, 1987;Iwami, 1988 (Kulaev, 1979;Kulaev and Vagabov, 1983;Phillips et al, 1993).…”

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confidence: 99%

Glucose and Lactate Metabolism By Actinomyces Naeslundii

Takahashi

Yamada

1999

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

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Actinomyces are among the predominant bacteria in the oral microflora. This review discusses the glucose and lactate metabolism of Actinomyces naeslundii and its ecological significance in dental plaque. This bacterium has the EmbdenMeyerhof-Parnas (EMP) pathway as the main route to degrade glucose. The EMP pathway-derived metabolic intermediates, phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and pyruvate, are further converted into different end-products, depending on the environment. Under anaerobic conditions in the absence of bicarbonate, the pyruvate is converted into lactate by a lactate dehydrogenase. In the presence of bicarbonate, the PEP is combined with bicarbonate and then converted into succinate through the succinate pathway, while the pyruvate is converted into formate and acetate through the pyruvate formate-lyase pathway. Under aerobic conditions, the pyruvate liberates acetate and CO2 through a pathway initiated by a pyruvate dehydrogenase. A. naeslundii strains also degrade lactate, aerobically, to acetate and CO2 through the conversion of lactate into pyruvate by a NADindependent lactate dehydrogenase. These strains also synthesize glycogen from a glycolytic intermediate, glucose 6-phosphate. Besides atmospheric conditions and bicarbonate, the intracellular reduction-oxidation potential, carbohydrate concentration, and environmental pH also modulate the metabolism of A. naeslundii. Some of the phosphorylating enzymes involved in A. naeslundii metabolism-e.g., GTP/polyphosphate (PPn)-dependent glucokinase, pyrophosphate (PPi)-dependent phosphofructokinase, UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, and GDP/IDP-dependent PEP carboxykinase-are unique to A. naeslundii and have not been found in other oral bacteria. The utilization of PPn and PPi as phosphoryl donors, together with glycogen synthesis and lactate utilization, could contribute to the efficient energy metabolism found in A. naeslundii. Through this flexible and efficient metabolic capacity, A. naeslundii can adapt to fluctuating environments and compete with other bacteria in dental plaque. Further, this bacterium may modify the dental plaque environment and promote the microbial population shifts in dental plaque.

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Path of Glucose Breakdown and Cell Yields of a Facultative Anaerobe, Actinomyces naeslundii

Cited by 46 publications

References 28 publications

Physiological and Nutritional Features of Corynebacterium pyogenes

Physiological and Nutritional Features of Corynebacterium pyogenes

Effect of Bicarbonate on the Growth of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in Anaerobic Fructose-limited Chemostat Culture

Glucose and Lactate Metabolism By Actinomyces Naeslundii

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