Pathogen prevalence and abundance in honey bee colonies involved in almond pollination

Cavigli, Ian; Daughenbaugh, Katie F.; Martin, Madison; Lerch, Michael D.; Banner, Katie; García, Emma; Brutscher, Laura M.; Flenniken, Michelle L.

doi:10.1007/s13592-015-0395-5

Cited by 77 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Little research has reported impacts of BQCV on worker pupal development or colony survival, even though it is one of the most prevalent viruses detected in hives in the United States1558596061 and its detections have significantly increased since the early 2000’s. In this work, the synergistic increase in mortality during development observed after treatment with OSS plus viral inoculum was associated with increased BQCV titers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Inert Pesticide Adjuvant Synergizes Viral Pathogenicity and Mortality in Honey Bee Larvae

Fine

Cox-Foster

Mullin

2017

Sci Rep

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Honey bees are highly valued for their pollination services in agricultural settings, and recent declines in managed populations have caused concern. Colony losses following a major pollination event in the United States, almond pollination, have been characterized by brood mortality with specific symptoms, followed by eventual colony loss weeks later. In this study, we demonstrate that these symptoms can be produced by chronically exposing brood to both an organosilicone surfactant adjuvant (OSS) commonly used on many agricultural crops including wine grapes, tree nuts and tree fruits and exogenous viral pathogens by simulating a horizontal transmission event. Observed synergistic mortality occurred during the larval-pupal molt. Using q-PCR techniques to measure gene expression and viral levels in larvae taken prior to observed mortality at metamorphosis, we found that exposure to OSS and exogenous virus resulted in significantly heightened Black Queen Cell Virus (BQCV) titers and lower expression of a Toll 7-like-receptor associated with autophagic viral defense (Am18w). These results demonstrate that organosilicone spray adjuvants that are considered biologically inert potentiate viral pathogenicity in honey bee larvae, and guidelines for OSS use may be warranted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Inert Pesticide Adjuvant Synergizes Viral Pathogenicity and Mortality in Honey Bee Larvae

Fine

Cox-Foster

Mullin

2017

Sci Rep

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“…This result concords with and extends the earlier findings in this country . While there has been debate regarding the role N. ceranae plays in CL, recent research has reached consensus that under certain conditions N. ceranae causes collapse to honey bee colonies (Betti et al, 2014;Bekele et al, 2015;Cavigli et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors associated with honey bee colony loss in apiaries in Galicia, NW Spain

Meana

Llorens-Picher

Euba

et al. 2017

Span. j. agric. res.

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A cross-sectional study was carried out in Galicia, NW Spain, in order to estimate the magnitude of honey bee colony losses and to identify potential risk factors involved. A total of 99 samples from 99 apiaries were collected in spring using simple random sampling. According to international guidelines, the apiaries were classified as affected by colony loss or asymptomatic. Each sample consisted of worker bees, brood and comb-stored pollen. All worker bees and brood samples were analysed individually in order to detect the main honey bee pathogens. Moreover, the presence of residues of the most prevalent agrotoxic insecticides and acaricides was assessed in comb-stored pollen. The general characteristics of the apiaries and sanitary information regarding previous years was evaluated through questionnaires, while the vegetation surrounding the apiaries sampled was assessed by palynological analysis of comb-stored pollen. The colony loss prevalence was 53.5% (CI 95% =43.2-63.9) and Nosema ceranae was found to be the only risk factor strongly associated with colony loss. The decision tree also pointed out the impact of the Varroa mite presence while variables such as apiary size, the incorrect application of Varroa mite treatments, and the presence of Acarapis woodi and Kashmir bee virus (KBV) were identified as possible co-factors.Additional key words: colony collapse; Apis mellifera; Nosema ceranae; Varroa destructor; imidacloprid; fipronil; comb-stored pollen.Correspondence should be addressed to Aránzazu Meana Mañes: ameana@ucm.es (Tables S1, S2 and S3) accompanies the paper on SJAR's website.

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“…A prime example is seen during the almond pollination in North America when a large proportion, which has been stated up to 60% (Cavigli et al . ), of the commercially managed colonies in the United States of America are concentrated on 2500 km 2 in the Sacramento Valley. In spring 2015, 1·44 million (~ 52%) of the 2·82 million colonies were located in California, with similar numbers for 2016, which dropped in the last quarter of 2015 to only ~26% (NASS USDA ).…”

Section: The Case Of the Western Honeybee A Melliferamentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks and benefits of the biological interface between managed and wild bee pollinators

2016

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Summary1. Increasing global human populations and climate change not only increase the demand for food but require it to be supplied in sustainable quantities. One crucial aspect for sustainability is to ensure pollinator services for crop production and ecosystem services. 2. The global distribution of universal bee pollinators and the different degrees of intensity of bee-keeping have resulted in a high variability of impacts. It is therefore essential to separate the different pollinator populations, in particular the cases of honeybees and bumblebees, into wild/feral and managed populations, which can and will interact. 3. Such interactions can be either beneficial or deleterious. A deleterious interaction between wild/feral colonies and the managed populations may result in disease and pest transmission. 4. However, a wild/feral population could easily buffer the effects of newly introduced pathogens increasing the resistance of the population as a whole. Varroa mites that caused the loss of the wild population of Apis mellifera in Europe have recently been established in South Africa. Studies of the mite's introduction into South Africa suggest that African honeybee populations are less affected by the mite and can deal with and survive parasite loads which would kill colonies in the Northern Hemisphere. 5. This observed resilience in Africa and Americas is most likely based on the interactions between wild and managed bees, since a large proportion of the total honeybee population is wild in these regions and therefore not influenced by humans. This allows the wild population to adapt to new parasites/pathogens, without human interference, with the large numbers of wild colonies ensuring that resilience is high. A high ratio of wild to managed colonies could also ensure that beneficial adaptations in the wild population filter through to the managed population. 6. Whether a similar situation prevails in bumblebees with wild and managed populations needs to be more carefully examined, particularly in the context of the global trade in colonies of these bees. Our current understanding of the interaction between wild/feral and managed populations suggests that transporting of species out of their endemic range should be done with great caution.

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Pathogen prevalence and abundance in honey bee colonies involved in almond pollination

Cited by 77 publications

References 44 publications

An Inert Pesticide Adjuvant Synergizes Viral Pathogenicity and Mortality in Honey Bee Larvae

An Inert Pesticide Adjuvant Synergizes Viral Pathogenicity and Mortality in Honey Bee Larvae

Risk factors associated with honey bee colony loss in apiaries in Galicia, NW Spain

Risks and benefits of the biological interface between managed and wild bee pollinators

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