Pathogen-produce pair attribution risk ranking tool to prioritize fresh produce commodity and pathogen combinations for further evaluation (P3ARRT)

Anderson, Maren; Jaykus, Lee‐Ann; Beaulieu, Stephen; Dennis, Sherri

doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.04.028

Cited by 74 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Produce associated outbreaks have increased the past decades in the United States [3,4], in Europe [5][6][7][8], and in Australia [9][10][11]. The most important bacterial pathogens associated with fresh produce were Salmonella and human pathogenic verotoxin producing Escherichia coli (including E. coli O157) and the most frequently implicated produce items included leafy greens (such as lettuce), tomatoes, melons, crucifers, carrots, berries and sprouts [12,13,3,4]. Most of the reported food borne outbreaks originates from Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand, as these locations have well developed epidemiological surveillance systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological Safety of Strawberries and Lettuce for Domestic Consumption in Egypt

Uyttendaele

Moneim²,

Ceuppens³

et al. 2014

J Food Process Technol

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Food borne outbreaks with fresh produce are increasingly being reported in developed countries. Food borne illness is an important threat for human health also in developing countries, but data on food safety, in particular related to microbial food safety in fruits and vegetables, the developing world are scarce. In the present study, the sanitary quality and safety of Egyptian lettuce and strawberries, obtained from either primary production or domestic retail market, was assessed by enumeration of faecal indicators organism Escherichia coli and coliforms and the detection of Salmonella spp. Twelve farms in three different regions of Egypt were visited and apart from strawberries (18) and lettuce (18) also samples of soil (12) and irrigation water (12) were obtained. Furthermore, three different types of domestic retail outlets, i.e. open markets, shops and hypermarkets were sampled for strawberries (30) and lettuce (30). Salmonella prevalence in Egyptian domestic fresh produce was very high, namely 42% (20/48) in lettuce and 29% (14/48) in strawberries. The presence of Salmonella was associated with elevated levels of E. coli and coliforms. Observations from this restricted data set suggest that the microbiological quality and safety of lettuce and strawberries in the primary production of Egypt is subjected to considerable regional differences, presumably related to differences in irrigation water quality. Moreover, the microbiological quality and safety of retail lettuce and strawberries increased in accordance with the scale and organization level of the retail outlet.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological Safety of Strawberries and Lettuce for Domestic Consumption in Egypt

Uyttendaele

Moneim²,

Ceuppens³

et al. 2014

J Food Process Technol

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“…Each of these has different advantages and limitations and the choice will depend on the questions that need answering as well as the data available. For this opinion, we adapted a RRT developed by the US FDA (Anderson et al, 2011), which particularly aims at risk ranking combinations of fresh produce commodities and specific pathogens. The linkage between certain commodities and specific pathogens is based on an analysis of reported foodborne outbreaks in the US and as explained in section 3.2., at the EU Monitoring data is the best available data or answering the ToRs of this opinion.…”

Section: Justification For Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the risk posed by pathogens in food of non-animal origin. Part 1 (outbreak data analysis and risk ranking of food/pathogen combinations)

Publication¹

2013

EFSA Journal

179

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European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy ABSTRACTFood of non-animal origin (FoNAO) is consumed in a variety of forms, and a major component of almost all meals. These food types have the potential to be associated with large outbreaks as seen in 2011 associated with VTEC O104. A comparison of the incidence of human cases linked to consumption of FoNAO and of food of animal origin (FoAO) was carried out to provide an indication of the proportionality between these two groups of foods. It was concluded that outbreak data reported as part of EU Zoonoses Monitoring is currently the only option for EU-wide comparative estimates. Using this data from 2007 to 2011, FoNAO were associated with 10% of the outbreaks, 26% of the cases, 35% of the hospitalisations and 46% of the deaths. If the data from the 2011VTEC O104 outbreak is excluded, FoNAO was associated with 10% of the outbreaks, 18% of cases, but only 8% of the hospitalisations and 5% of the deaths. From 2008 to 2011 there was an increase in the numbers of reported outbreaks, cases, hospitalisations and deaths associated with food of non-animal origin. In order to identify and rank specific food/pathogen combinations most often linked to human cases originating from FoNAO in the EU, a model was developed using seven criteria: strength of associations between food and pathogen based on the foodborne outbreak data from EU Zoonoses Monitoring (2007-11), incidence of illness, burden of disease, dose-response relationship, consumption, prevalence of contamination and pathogen growth potential during shelf life. Shortcomings in the approach using outbreak data were discussed. The top ranking food/pathogen combination was Salmonella spp. and leafy greens eaten raw followed by (in equal rank) Salmonella spp. and bulb and stem vegetables, Salmonella spp. and tomatoes, Salmonella spp. and melons, and pathogenic Escherichia coli and fresh pods, legumes or grain.© European Food Safety Authority, 2013 KEY WORDSFood of non-animal origin, foodborne pathogens, foodborne outbreaks, food/pathogen combination, risk ranking SUMMARYThe European Commission asked EFSA"s BIOHAZ Panel to prepare a scientific Opinion on the public health risk posed by pathogens that may contaminate food of non-animal origin (FoNAO). In particular, this opinion addresses the first two terms of reference for the mandate, namely: (i) to compare the incidence of foodborne human cases linked to FoNAO and foodborne cases linked to food of animal origin (FoAO), and (ii) to identify and rank specific food/pathogen combinations most often linked to foodborne human cases originating from FoNAO in the EU.For the comparison of the incidence of foodborne human cases linked to FoNAO and foodborne cases linked to FoAO, the BIOHAZ Panel concluded that: the analysis of the outbreak data reported as part of EU Zoonoses Monitoring allows attribution of human cases to food of non-animal origin or food of animal origin, and is currently the only option for obtaining a EU-wide comparative estimate of the proportion ...

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“…Fruits not only supply vitamins but also minerals which are essential dietary need for human. Some can cause food borne disease outbreaks if contaminated with pathogenic microbiota (1)(2)(3)(4). Many fruits play some other roles in addition to giving us beneficial supplements.…”

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confidence: 99%

Microbiological analysis for drug resistant pathogenic microorganisms with determination of the antibacterial properties found in Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry) samples

2017

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16Strawberry is a popular fruit item consumed by people all over the world for its exceptional flavor and aroma. This fruit is being used to prepare a wide range of food items. Strawberries when consumed by people without undergoing any processing, the condition may not be good enough. People may get sick after consuming raw strawberries. Our current study identified several pathogenic bacteria which are very known in causing health related problems. E. coli was found in one sample (1.0×10 2 cfu/g), Staphylococcus aureus was commonly present in all of the five samples (up to 1.2×10 6 cfu/g), Klebsiella spp. was found to be present in two samples (within 1.0×10 3 cfu/g) and Pseudomonas spp. was present in three samples (8.2×104 cfu/g), respectively. All isolated bacteria showed some degree of drug resistant traits against some commonly used antibiotics. The most important and promising part of the study was to successfully find the antimicrobial activity of strawberries against seven types of pathogenic bacteria.

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Pathogen-produce pair attribution risk ranking tool to prioritize fresh produce commodity and pathogen combinations for further evaluation (P3ARRT)

Cited by 74 publications

References 42 publications

Microbiological Safety of Strawberries and Lettuce for Domestic Consumption in Egypt

Microbiological Safety of Strawberries and Lettuce for Domestic Consumption in Egypt

Scientific Opinion on the risk posed by pathogens in food of non-animal origin. Part 1 (outbreak data analysis and risk ranking of food/pathogen combinations)

Microbiological analysis for drug resistant pathogenic microorganisms with determination of the antibacterial properties found in Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry) samples

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