Pathogen reduction by ozone–biological activated carbon‐based advanced water reclamation for reuse

Abstract

Ozone-biological activated carbon (ozone-BAC)-based technologies are emerging as an appealing option for potable reuse systems; however, uncertainty remains regarding the reduction of waterborne pathogens. Common log reduction requirements have been modeled after California Department of Drinking Water's 12-10-10 log reduction value (LRV) for enteric virus, Cryptosporidium, and Giardia, respectively. The objective of this research was to investigate appropriate LRVs of pathogens that can be achieved in ozone-BAC-based treatment systems and to assess the applicability of employing drinking water pathogen guidelines for potable reuse applications. A pilot scale ozone-BAC-based treatment train was operated at two water reclamation facilities in Reno, Nevada, USA. Virus, Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and bacterial indicators were monitored across individual and combined treatment processes. Pathogen barriers investigated include conventional filtration, ozonation, and ultraviolet disinfection. Based on sampling and treatment validation strategies, the three pathogen barriers can provide minimum LRVs of 13-9-9.5 for virus, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium. Secondary biological treatment can provide additional pathogen LRVs with site-specific sampling. The present study addresses regulatory uncertainties associated with ozone-BAC pathogen reduction. Practitioner Points • Ozone-biological activated carbon-based advanced treatment can meet pathogen LRV requirements with a minimum of three pathogen barriers. • Successfully applied drinking water pathogen reduction guidelines for potable reuse applications verified by operational criteria. • Low presence of pathogens requires surrogates and indicator analyses and variety of monitoring techniques to verify pathogen log reduction. K E Y W O R D S log 10 reduction values, ozone-biological activated carbon, water reclamation, water reuse, waterborne pathogens Krishna Pagilla is a member of the Water Environment Federation (WEF).

Total Coliforms and Escherichia coli Inactivation as Surrogates of Ozone Pharmaceutical Removal in Secondary Effluents: The Microlog Concept

“…Installed alone or in combination with other advanced technologies in the tertiary treatment of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), ozonation can contribute to both human health and environmental protection . During ozonation of secondary effluent, numerous pathogens can be inactivated, ,, while many of the currently known contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) are degraded to safer levels. ,, The efficiency of ozonation has been demonstrated over the past decades, thereby promoting its utilization in various treatment schemes as a vital tool for achieving standard effluent quality suitable for reuse in numerous applications. ,− …”