Pathogenesis of dermatophytoses

Tainwala, Ram

doi:10.4103/0019-5154.82476

Cited by 64 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Dermatophytosis usually has variable clinical pictures depending on the location of the infection process, the ecological type and species of the etiological factor, and the immune state of the host (Tainwala and Sharma 2011;Gnat et al 2019e). The clinical features of dermatophytosis such as itching, maceration, pain, scaling, formation of vesicles or plaster, and erythema rate are variable between a mild to moderate degree and may be mistaken for other dermatological diseases as contact dermatitis, bacterial folliculitis, psoriasis and eczema (Andrews and Burns 2008;Moriarty et al 2012;Rashidian et al 2015;Dogra and Narang 2017).…”

Section: Incorrect Diagnosis and Differentiation Of Dermatophytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major challenges and perspectives in the diagnostics and treatment of dermatophyte infections

2020

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Dermatophytes are the aetiological factors of a majority of superficial fungal infections. What distinguishes them from other pathogenic filamentous fungi is their unique ability to degrade keratin. The remarkable ability of this group of fungi to survive in different ecosystems results from their morphological and ecological diversity as well as high adaptability to changing environmental conditions. Paradoxically, despite the progress in medicine, the prevalence of dermatophyte infections is increasing from year to year. At the beginning of the third millennium, practical diagnostic and therapeutic options are still very limited. This review focuses on understanding the major problems in this aspect of dermatophyte infections and indicates future strategies and perspectives for novel approaches to identification and drugs for elimination of dermatophytes. Particular importance is placed on development of a strategy for a diagnostic pathway and implementation of rapid and reliable diagnostics methods designed by international teams. Furthermore, among compounds that currently arouse great interest, representatives of terpenoids, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids and essential oils deserve attention. Many of these compounds are undergoing clinical trials as potential antifungal agents, and future research should focus on attempts at determination of the applicability of tested substances. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages in implementation of new diagnostic paths and medicinal substances for routine use are indicated. Journal of Applied Microbiology

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Section: Incorrect Diagnosis and Differentiation Of Dermatophytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major challenges and perspectives in the diagnostics and treatment of dermatophyte infections

2020

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“…The role of these enzymes is to reduce disulfide bonds in keratins of skin, which facilitate the penetration into host cellular system. 33 Indeed, keratinases are the major causal agents of tinea diseases. Our literature survey indicates that no available reports documented the activity of microbial elastases and/or keratinases in burn-causing infections, or reducing their activities by using metal oxide NPs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesized zinc peroxide nanoparticles (ZnO<sub>2</sub>-NPs): a novel antimicrobial, anti-elastase, anti-keratinase, and anti-inflammatory approach toward polymicrobial burn wounds

Ali¹,

Morsy²,

El-Zawawy³

et al. 2017

IJN

121

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Increasing of multidrug resistance (MDR) remains an intractable challenge for burn patients. Innovative nanomaterials are also in high demand for the development of new antimicrobial biomaterials that inevitably have opened new therapeutic horizons in medical approaches and lead to many efforts for synthesizing new metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) for better control of the MDR associated with the polymicrobial burn wounds. Recently, it seems that metal oxides can truly be considered as highly efficient inorganic agents with antimicrobial properties. In this study, zinc peroxide NPs (ZnO 2 -NPs) were synthesized using the co-precipitation method. Synthesized ZnO 2 -NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transformed infrared, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The characterization techniques revealed synthesis of the pure phase of non-agglomerated ZnO 2 -NPs having sizes in the range of 15–25 nm with a transition temperature of 211°C. Antimicrobial activity of ZnO 2 -NPs was determined against MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) and Aspergillus niger (AN) strains isolated from burn wound infections. Both strains, PA6 and AN4, were found to be more susceptible strains to ZnO 2 -NPs. In addition, a significant decrease in elastase and keratinase activities was recorded with increased concentrations of ZnO 2 -NPs until 200 µg/mL. ZnO 2 -NPs revealed a significant anti-inflammatory activity against PA6 and AN4 strains as demonstrated by membrane stabilization, albumin denaturation, and proteinase inhibition. Moreover, the results of in vivo histopathology assessment confirmed the potential role of ZnO 2 -NPs in the improvement of skin wound healing in the experimental animal models. Clearly, the synthesized ZnO 2 -NPs have demonstrated a competitive capability as antimicrobial, anti-elastase, anti-keratinase, and anti-inflammatory candidates, suggesting that the ZnO 2 -NPs are promising metal oxides that are potentially valued for biomedical applications.

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“…Several forms exist and are classified based on inheritance, clinical appearance, histopathology, and underlying systemic diseases. Cutaneous fungal colonization persists in these patients secondary to barrier defects, impaired cell-mediated immunity (3), delayed scaling, thickened stratum corneum, and abnormal sebaceous and sweat glands (4). The relationship between various forms of ichthyosis and chronic fungal infections has been infrequently reported (5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Congenital Ichthyosiform Erythroderma Superimposed with Chronic Dermatophytosis: A Report of Three Siblings

Vyas

Kannan

Jahnke

et al. 2015

Pediatric Dermatology

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Congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma is an autosomal recessive ichthyosis characterized by severe scaling and erythroderma. We report a family of three siblings who were all born with a collodion membrane and presented with diffuse scaling and pruritus. All three children subsequently developed chronic cutaneous dermatophyte infections requiring oral antifungals. One child developed superinfection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus requiring antibiotics.

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Pathogenesis of dermatophytoses

Cited by 64 publications

References 16 publications

Major challenges and perspectives in the diagnostics and treatment of dermatophyte infections

Major challenges and perspectives in the diagnostics and treatment of dermatophyte infections

Synthesized zinc peroxide nanoparticles (ZnO<sub>2</sub>-NPs): a novel antimicrobial, anti-elastase, anti-keratinase, and anti-inflammatory approach toward polymicrobial burn wounds

Congenital Ichthyosiform Erythroderma Superimposed with Chronic Dermatophytosis: A Report of Three Siblings

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