Pathogenesis of<i>Taenia solium</i>taeniasis and cysticercosis

Gonzáles, Isidro; Rivera, Jennifer; Garcı́a, Héctor H.

doi:10.1111/pim.12307

Cited by 58 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 159 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Several antibody classes are produced during the clinical course of NCC, with the most prominent being IgG in serum and CSF. In extraparenchymal infection, increased levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and immunoglobulin E (IgE) were observed in symptomatic patients harboring cysts in subarachnoid spaces compared to asymptomatic NCC individuals [27][28][29]. Non-NCC subjects from high-endemic areas had higher levels of specific IgG1, IgG2, IgG4, and IgE antibodies than subjects from low-endemic areas [27].…”

Section: Humoral Immune Responses In Nccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host immune responses during Taenia solium Neurocysticercosis infection and treatment

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Taenia solium cysticercosis and taeniasis (TSCT), caused by the tapeworm T. solium, is a foodborne and zoonotic disease classified since 2010 by WHO as a neglected tropical isease. It causes considerable impact on health and economy and is one of the leading causes of acquired epilepsy in most endemic countries of Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Asia. There is some evidence that the prevalence of TSCT in high-income countries has recently increased, mainly due to immigration from endemic areas. In regions endemic for TSCT, human cysticercosis can manifest clinically as neurocysticercosis (NCC), resulting in epileptic seizures and severe progressive headaches, amongst other neurological signs and/or symptoms. The development of these symptoms results from a complex interplay between anatomical cyst localization, environmental factors, parasite's infective potential, host genetics, and, especially, host immune responses. Treatment of individuals with active NCC (presence of viable cerebral cysts) with anthelmintic drugs together with steroids is usually effective and, in the majority, reduces the number and/or size of cerebral lesions as well as the neurological symptoms. However, in some cases, treatment may profoundly enhance anthelmintic inflammatory responses with ensuing symptoms, which, otherwise, would have remained silent as long as the cysts are viable. This intriguing silencing process is not yet fully understood but may involve active modulation of host responses by cyst-derived immunomodulatory components released directly into the surrounding brain tissue or by the induction of regulatory networks including regulatory T cells (Treg) or regulatory B cells (Breg). These processes might be disturbed once the cysts undergo treatment-induced apoptosis and necrosis or in a coinfection setting such as HIV. Herein, we review the current literature regarding the immunology and pathogenesis of NCC with a highlight on the mobilization of immune cells during human NCC and their interaction with viable and degenerating cysticerci. Moreover, the immunological parameters associated with NCC in people living with HIV/AIDS and treatments are discussed.

show abstract

Section: Humoral Immune Responses In Nccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host immune responses during Taenia solium Neurocysticercosis infection and treatment

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Humans may also become infected with cysticerci of T. solium . In humans, the symptoms of taeniasis are subtle and mild and include abdominal distension, abdominal pain, digestive disorders and anal pruritis [8, 11]. The signs of T. solium neurocysticercosis (NCC) in humans, on the other hand, are distinctive and include seizures, paralysis, dementia, chronic headache, blindness or even death [12, 13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of taeniasis, cysticercosis and trichinellosis in Vietnam

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Taeniasis, cysticercosis and trichinellosis have been ranked as the most important food-borne parasites of humans in terms of public health, socioeconomic and trade impact. Despite this, information on these food-borne zoonoses in Vietnam is scarce and fragmented, and many local reports remain inaccessible to the international research community. This study aims to conduct comprehensive literature searches to report on the incidence and estimate the true prevalence of taeniasis in humans and T. solium cysticercosis in humans and pigs in Vietnam utilizing Bayesian models; in addition, to report the incidence and the distribution of trichinellosis. A Bayesian approach was used to estimate the true prevalence of taeniasis and cysticercosis based on published diagnostic test characteristics used in each published cross-sectional survey. The utilization of coproscopic-based examination of Taenia eggs in stool, although highly specific for genus-level detection, has poor sensitivity and led to an underestimation of the prevalence of human taeniasis. Similarly, post-mortem-based surveys of T. solium cysticercosis in pigs also led to the underestimation of prevalence of porcine cysticercosis. On the other hand, the low specificity of immunodiagnostic methods, in particular Ab-ELISA, led to a likely overestimation of T. solium cysticercosis in humans. Due to the use of imperfect diagnosis tests combined with poor descriptions of sampling methods, our ability to draw solid conclusions from these data is limited. We estimate that the true prevalence of taeniasis and T. solium cysticercosis in rural ‘hotspots’, is as high as 13% for each, in humans. Taeniasis and T. solium cysticercosis occurs in 60 of the 63 provinces of Vietnam. Most of the information relating to the distribution and prevalence of porcine cysticercosis is limited to commercial abattoir surveys. In Vietnam, Taenia asiatica appears to be confined to the north where it occurs sympatrically with T. solium and Taenia saginata. The status of T. asiatica in Central and South Vietnam remains unascertained. To date, five outbreaks of trichinellosis have been reported in the north and northwest of Vietnam, affecting a total of 114 people and responsible for eight fatalities. In the same region, studies of free-roaming pigs showed evidence of high levels of exposure to Trichinella and, in cases where larvae were recovered, the species present were identified as Trichinella spiralis. Based on five studies, the main risk factors for pork-borne zoonoses in Vietnam include the consumption of undercooked/raw meat and vegetables and the use of night-soil for fertilization of local produce. This systematic review draws attention to the importance of these pork-borne zoonoses.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2085-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

“…In endemic areas, around one‐third of all epilepsy cases are attributable to cerebral cysticercosis infections . Diagnosis of NCC is difficult mainly due to the pleomorphism of clinical manifestations and the heterogeneity of immunological and radiological findings between cases, arising from the variable number, location, evolutionary stage and size of the parasitic lesions, as well as the immune response of the host .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low sensitivity and frequent cross‐reactions in commercially available antibody detection ELISA assays for Taenia solium cysticercosis

Garcı́a

Castillo²,

Gonzáles

et al. 2017

Tropical Med Int Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstractobjective To evaluate the diagnostic performance of two commercially available ELISA kits, Novalisa â and Ridascreen â , for the detection of antibodies to Taenia solium, compared to serological diagnosis of neurocysticercosis (NCC) by LLGP-EITB (electro-immunotransfer blot assay using lentillectin purified glycoprotein antigens).methods Archive serum samples from patients with viable NCC (n = 45) or resolved, calcified NCC (n = 45), as well as sera from patients with other cestode parasites (hymenolepiasis, n = 45 and cystic hydatid disease, n = 45), were evaluated for cysticercosis antibody detection using two ELISA kits, Novalisa â and Ridascreen â . All NCC samples had previously tested positive, and all samples from heterologous infections were negative on LLGP-EITB for cysticercosis. Positive rates were calculated by kit and sample group and compared between the two kits.results Compared to LLGP-EITB, the sensitivity of both ELISA assays to detect specific antibodies in patients with viable NCC was low (44.4% and 22.2%), and for calcified NCC, it was only 6.7% and 4.5%. Sera from patients with cystic hydatid disease were highly cross-reactive in both ELISA assays (38/45, 84.4%; and 25/45, 55.6%). Sera from patients with hymenolepiasis cross-reacted in five cases in one of the assays (11.1%) and in only one sample with the second assay (2.2%).conclusions The performance of Novalisa â and Ridascreen â was poor. Antibody ELISA detection cannot be recommended for the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis.

show abstract

Pathogenesis ofTaenia soliumtaeniasis and cysticercosis

Cited by 58 publications

References 159 publications

Host immune responses during Taenia solium Neurocysticercosis infection and treatment

Host immune responses during Taenia solium Neurocysticercosis infection and treatment

A systematic review of taeniasis, cysticercosis and trichinellosis in Vietnam

Low sensitivity and frequent cross‐reactions in commercially available antibody detection ELISA assays for Taenia solium cysticercosis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About