Pathogenic Interactions between Macrophomina phaseolina and Magnaporthiopsis maydis in Mutually Infected Cotton Sprouts

Degani, Ofir; Becher, Paz; Gordani, Asaf

doi:10.3390/agriculture12020255

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Instances of such phytopathogen cross-talk are documented in the literature. For example, in cotton plants, there are negative interactions between Magnaporthiopsis maydis and Macrophomina phaseolina , the causative agent of charcoal rot disease [ 43 , 44 ]. Additionally, M. maydis is also associated with Fusarium oxysporum .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Real-Time PCR Monitoring of Onion Fusarium Basal Rot Chemical Control

Dimant,

Degani

2023

JoF

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Fusarium basal rot disease (FBR) is a destructive threat to onion crops around the globe. It causes seedlings’ death, development disruption, and pre- and post-harvest bulb infection and rotting, with a concern for toxin infestation. It is an emerging disease in Israel, with new reports from farms nationwide. Recently, we reported on a full-season pot experiment to protect two leading commercial cultivars against FBR chemically. Here, we present new real-time qPCR molecular tracking of the pathogens inside the host plant and compare the infection levels to a deep analysis of the impacts of this experiment’s treatments on plant growth and health indexes. The new findings reveal variations within each treatment’s effectiveness regarding sprout development and bulb ripening stages. For instance, in the yellow Orlando cv., high protection was obtained with Azoxystrobin + Tebuconazole (Az-Te) in sprouts against F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae and with Fludioxonil + Sedaxen in mature plants against Fusarium acutatum. Thus, combining these fungicides may protect plants throughout their lifecycle. Also, Prochloraz at low dose was highly efficient in the Orlando cv. Still, to shield red Noam cv. plants from both pathogens, increasing this fungicide concentration towards the season-ending should be preferred. The qPCR tracking showed that all chemical treatments tested could reduce infection from pathogens by 80–90%, even with compounds such as Az-Te that were less effective. This implies that the pesticide was effective but probably phytotoxic to the plants, and thus, lower dosages must be considered. The molecular-based analysis discloses the high infection ability of F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae compared to F. acutatum in both cultivars. It also indicates an antagonism between those species in the Orlando cv. and synergism in the Noam cv. The current work reveals weak and strong points in chemical FBR protection and offers new ways to improve its application. The qPCR-based method enables us to closely monitor the pathogenesis and efficacy of chemical-preventing treatments and optimize crop-protection protocols.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Real-Time PCR Monitoring of Onion Fusarium Basal Rot Chemical Control

Dimant,

Degani

2023

JoF

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“…One example is the antagonistic interactions between Magnaporthiopsis maydis and Macrophomina phaseolina, the charcoal rot disease agent in cotton plants [30,31]. Moreover, M. maydis is similarly associated with Fusarium oxysporum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention and Control of Fusarium spp., the Causal Agents of Onion (Allium cepa) Basal Rot

et al. 2022

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Fusarium basal rot disease (FBR) is considered a serious threat to commercial onion production in Israel and worldwide. Today, coping means applied in Israel against the disease have limited efficiency and include a four-year crop cycle and disinfecting the soil with metam sodium. At the same time, agricultural tools (harrows, plows, etc.), contaminated equipment and workers facilitate spread of the disease to new growth areas, and the field disease incidence in Israel now reaches 8% of yields in heavily infected areas. Infected onions do not always show disease symptoms and the problem worsens if they arrive at storage facilities, especially since this pathogen genus produces known toxins. The current study aims at examining the potential of chemical control to reduce the damage caused by this disease. To this end, nine commercial fungicides were scanned in plate sensitivity assay against the main pathogens involved, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae and Fusarium acutatum. Several fungicides were found to be highly effective against the two pathogens, especially the mixtures Azoxystrobin + Difenoconazole, Fluopyram + Trifloxystrobin, or the Fluazinam compounds. Three selected preparations previously tested in seedlings were evaluated here in a full growing season. Prochloraz successfully protected the Orlando variety (white onion, Riverside cv.) and the Noam variety (red onion) at all growth stages against F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae. At the same time, this treatment was ineffective against F. acutatum in Noam cv. Another anti-fungal preparation, Fludioxonil + Sedaxen mixture, showed a wider range of effectiveness at the season’s end against the two Fusarium species tested in both onion cultivars. These results are an important step towards developing FBR control in commercial onion fields. Follow-up work is needed to optimize the pesticides’ concentrations and their application methods and to test them on a field scale. Interestingly, these pathogens were more aggressive towards the cultivar from which they were isolated: F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae to the red onion Noam cv. and F. acutatum to the white Orlando cv. Infecting the plants with both pathogens reduced disease symptoms in the white Orlando cv, suggesting antagonistic interactions in this onion genotype.

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“…The CRD, caused by the necrotrophic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina , is a major worry to Israeli cotton growers ( Degani et al, 2022 ). Moreover, the disease restrains’ effort crosses borders, and it is one of the worldwide scientific focus, particularly because the pathogen has a vast host range that makes it a serious threat to many horticulture and crop plants ( Marquez et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ABI-7900HT model, Applied Biosystems device with 384 well plates (Foster City, CA, USA), and the previously described method for the qPCR procedure ( Degani et al., 2020 ; Degani et al, 2022 ; Dimant and Degani, 2023 ) were used here. The method is based on a conventional qPCR protocol, designed to identify messenger RNA (Complementary DNA) but has been fine-tuned to detect M. phaseolina DNA efficiently.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cotton charcoal rot causal agent, Macrophomina phaseolina, biological and chemical control

Degani,

Gordani,

Dimant

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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The fungus Macrophomina phaseolina causes charcoal rot disease (CRD) in cotton, whose symptoms develop in the late stages of growth and result in wilting and death. Despite significant research efforts to reduce disease incidences, effective control strategies against M. phaseolina are an ongoing scientific effort. Today’s CRD control tends toward green options to reduce the chemicals’ environmental footprint and health risks. Here, different Trichoderma species were examined separately and in combination with Azoxystrobin (AS) in semi-field open-enclosure pots and a commercial field throughout a full season. In the pot experiment, the T. asperellum (P1) excelled and led to improvement in growth (13%–14%, day 69) and crops (the number of capsules by 36% and their weight by 78%, day 173). The chemical treatment alone at a low dose had no significant impact. Still, adding AS improved the effect of T. longibrachiatum (T7507) and impaired P1 efficiency. Real-time PCR monitoring of the pathogen DNA in the plants’ roots at the harvest (day 176), revealed the efficiency of the combined treatments: T. longibrachiatum (T7407 and T7507) + AS. In a commercial field, seed dressing with a mixture of Trichoderma species (mix of P1, T7407, and Trichoderma sp. O.Y. 7107 isolate) and irrigation of their secreted metabolites during seeding resulted in the highest yields compared with the control. Applying only AS irrigation at a low dose (2,000 cc/ha), with the sowing, was the second best in promoting crops. The molecular M. phaseolina detection showed that the AS at a high dose (4,000 cc/ha) and the biological mix treatments were the most effective. Reducing the AS chemical treatment dosages by half impaired its effectiveness. Irrigation timing, also studied here, is proven vital. Early water opening during the late spring suppresses the disease outburst and damages. The results demonstrated the benefits of CRD bio-shielding and encouraged to explore the potential of a combined bio-chemo pest control approach. Such interphase can be environmentally friendly (reducing chemical substances), stabilize the biological treatment in changing environmental conditions, achieve high efficiency even in severe CRD cases, and reduce the development of fungicide resistance.

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Pathogenic Interactions between Macrophomina phaseolina and Magnaporthiopsis maydis in Mutually Infected Cotton Sprouts

Cited by 15 publications

References 44 publications

Molecular Real-Time PCR Monitoring of Onion Fusarium Basal Rot Chemical Control

Molecular Real-Time PCR Monitoring of Onion Fusarium Basal Rot Chemical Control

Prevention and Control of Fusarium spp., the Causal Agents of Onion (Allium cepa) Basal Rot

The cotton charcoal rot causal agent, Macrophomina phaseolina, biological and chemical control

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