Pathogenicity Caused by High Virulent and Low Virulent Strains of Steinernema carpocapsae to Galleria mellonella

Simões, Nélson; Caldas, Cristina; Rosa, José S.; Bonifassi, E.; Laumond, C.

doi:10.1006/jipa.1999.4899

Cited by 44 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…After 24 h, only S. sangi killed 100% of the S. littoralis larvae when applied at 500-1000 IJ/larva and killed 92 and 96% of G. mellonella at the same doses. The virulence of S. sangi to G. mellonella is comparable to that of the highly virulent S. carpocapsae Breton strain (48.6 IJs/larva) (Simo˜es, 2000). When using 100 IJs per larva S. sangi killed almost 100% G. mellonella and S. littoralis larvae after 48 h. When inoculating 200 IJs of S. glaseri (NC strain), S. carpocapsae (All), S. feltiae (UK) or S. riobrave (TX) per larva, similar mortality of G. mellonella was obtained by Caroli et al (1996).…”

Section: -2 CMmentioning

confidence: 93%

Pathogenic potential of six isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) from Vietnam

2005

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The potential of six Steinernema isolates, isolated from different provinces in Vietnam, was evaluated in the laboratory against Galleria mellonella and Spodoptera littoralis. Steinernema sangi and S. robustispiculum TN24 had the highest penetration rate in both hosts according to a penetration rate assay. The virulence assay showed that S. sangi had a high virulence to both hosts and along with isolate TN38 it was the most mobile among the isolates tested. The migration of S. sangi in sand columns with an insect host at the bottom was significantly higher than in sand columns without insect host. This Steinernema species was the only one that penetrated a host in 24 h after migrating 10 cm in sand columns at 25°C. Moreover, a multiplication assay showed that S. sangi produced a high number of infective juveniles in G. mellonella. However, all Steinernema isolates tested had low multiplication rates in S. littoralis.

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Section: -2 CMmentioning

confidence: 93%

Pathogenic potential of six isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) from Vietnam

2005

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“…The presence of serine proteases in S. carpocapsae ESP was evidenced by the inhibition of proteolytic activity after treatment with specific serine protease inhibitors (11). Therefore, we decided to search for genes encoding serine proteases expressed during the nematode parasitic phase.…”

Section: The Nucleotide Sequence(s) Reported In This Paper Has Been Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental assays showed that IJs of virulent strains of S. carpocapsae are able to colonize about 50% of exposed Galleria mellonella larvae in as little as 6 h, and in a 12-h post-exposure, all insects have nematodes in their hemocoelium (10). Another relevant observation is that excreted/secreted products (ESP) from highly virulent strains contain larger amounts of proteases than those from less virulent strains (11). Taken together, these findings suggest that S. carpocapsae produces virulence factors containing proteases.…”

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confidence: 99%

Serine Protease-mediated Host Invasion by the Parasitic Nematode Steinernema carpocapsae

Toubarro

Lucena-Robles

Nascimento

et al. 2010

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Steinernema carpocapsae is an insect parasitic nematode used in biological control, which infects insects penetrating by mouth and anus and invading the hemocoelium through the midgut wall. Invasion has been described as a key factor in nematode virulence and suggested to be mediated by proteases. A serine protease cDNA from the parasitic stage was sequenced (sc-sp-1); the recombinant protein was produced in an Escherichia coli system, and a native protein was purified from the secreted products. Both proteins were confirmed by mass spectrometry to be encoded by the sc-sp-1 gene. Sc-SP-1 has a pI of 8.7, a molecular mass of 27.3 kDa, a catalytic efficiency of 22.2 ؋ 10 4 s ؊1 M ؊1 against N-succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-pNA, and is inhibited by chymostatin (IC 0.07) and PMSF (IC 0.73). Sc-SP-1 belongs to the chymotrypsin family, based on sequence and biochemical analysis. Only the nematode parasitic stage expressed sc-sp-1. These nematodes in the midgut lumen, prepared to invade the insect hemocoelium, expressed higher levels than those already in the hemocoelium. Moreover, parasitic nematode sense insect peritrophic membrane and hemolymph more quickly than they do other tissues, which initiates sc-sp-1 expression. Ex vivo, Sc-SP-1 was able to bind to insect midgut epithelium and to cause cell detachment from basal lamina. In vitro, Sc-SP-1 formed holes in an artificial membrane model (Matrigel), whereas Sc-SP-1 treated with PMSF did not, very likely because it hydrolyzes matrix glycoproteins. These findings highlight the S. carpocapsae-invasive process that is a key step in the parasitism thus opening new perspectives for improving nematode virulence to use in biological control.

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“…For example, mature Spodoptera littoralis larvae fed with Steinernema riobrave had decreased rates of leaf consumption and ate fewer meals in comparison to control treatments (Alchanatis et al, 2000). Additionally, Simões et al (2000) showed that Galleria melonella infected with S. carpocapsae had reduced silk production. Chemical insecticides also have sub-lethal effects on insects, including on H. abietis (Rose et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The lethal and sub-lethal consequences of entomopathogenic nematode infestation and exposure for adult pine weevils, Hylobius abietis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Girling

Ennis

Dillon

et al. 2010

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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a b s t r a c tEntomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) frequently kill their host within 1-2 days, and interest in EPN focuses mainly on their lethality. However, insects may take longer to die, or may fail to die despite being infected, but little is known about the effects of EPN infection on insects, other than death. Here we investigate both lethal and sub-lethal effects of infection by two EPN species, Steinernema carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis downesi, on adults of the large pine weevil, Hylobius abietis. Following 12 h nematode-weevil contact in peat, S. carpocapsae killed a significantly higher proportion of weevils (87-93%) than H. downesi (43-57%) at all concentrations tested. Less than 10% of weevils were dead within 2 days, and weevils continued to die for up to 10 days after exposure (LT 50 of 3 days or more). In a separate experiment, live weevils dissected 6 days after a 24 h exposure to nematodes on filter paper harbored encapsulated and dead nematodes, showing that weevils could defend themselves against infection. Some live weevils also harbored live nematodes 6 days after they had been removed from the nematode infested medium. Feeding by weevils was not affected by infection with, or exposure to, either species of EPN. We discuss these results in relation to the use of EPN in biological control against H. abietis.

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Pathogenicity Caused by High Virulent and Low Virulent Strains of Steinernema carpocapsae to Galleria mellonella

Cited by 44 publications

References 23 publications

Pathogenic potential of six isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) from Vietnam

Pathogenic potential of six isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) from Vietnam

Serine Protease-mediated Host Invasion by the Parasitic Nematode Steinernema carpocapsae

The lethal and sub-lethal consequences of entomopathogenic nematode infestation and exposure for adult pine weevils, Hylobius abietis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

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