Pathology of emesis

Hasler, William L.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53491-0.00027-4

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…Autonomic dysfunction sometimes present in diabetic patients may be related to the presence of vomiting. Vagal and non-vagal pathways as well as several brainstem nuclei participate in vomiting in response to different emetic stimuli (22). Physiologic differences between idiopathic and diabetic gastroparesis may relate to worse vagal impairments in diabetics (23,24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nausea and vomiting in gastroparesis: similarities and differences in idiopathic and diabetic gastroparesis

Parkman

Hallinan

Hasler

et al. 2016

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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Nausea and vomiting are classic symptoms of gastroparesis. It is unclear if characteristics of nausea and vomiting are similar in different etiologies of gastroparesis. Aims Describe characteristics of nausea and vomiting in patients with gastroparesis; and determine if there are differences in nausea and vomiting in diabetic (DG) and idiopathic gastroparesis (IG). Methods Gastroparetic patients enrolling in the NIDDK Gastroparesis Registry underwent assessment with history and questionnaires assessing symptoms, quality of life, and a questionnaire characterizing nausea and vomiting. Key Results Of 159 gastroparesis patients (107 IG, 52 DG), 96% experienced nausea while 65% experienced vomiting. Nausea was predominant symptom in 28% and vomiting was predominant in 4%. Nausea was severe or very severe in 41%. PAGI-SYM nausea/vomiting subscore was greater with increased vomiting severity, but not nausea severity in DG than IG. Nausea was related to meals in 71%; lasting most of the day in 41%. Increasing nausea severity was related to decreased quality of life. Nausea often preceded vomiting in 82% of patients and vomiting often relieved nausea in 30%. Vomiting was more common in DG (81%) compared to IG (57%; p=0.004). Diabetic patients more often had vomiting in the morning before eating, during the night, and when not eating. Conclusions & Inferences Nausea is present in essentially all patients with gastroparesis irrespective of cause and associated with decreased quality of life. In contrast, vomiting was more prevalent, more severe, and occurred more often in DG than IG. Thus, characteristics of vomiting differ in idiopathic versus diabetic gastroparesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nausea and vomiting in gastroparesis: similarities and differences in idiopathic and diabetic gastroparesis

Parkman

Hallinan

Hasler

et al. 2016

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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“…Enterochromaffin (EC) cells constitute the largest population of epithelial enteroendocrine cells and are sensory cells that release serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) upon stimulation ( 46 ). Released serotonin then stimulates vagal afferents, the major peripheral emetic nerves that participate in vomiting, in response to emetic stimuli in the gastrointestinal tract ( 47 ), including rotavirus ( 4 , 8 ) and probably also norovirus. This is further supported by Xie and coworkers’ ( 48 ) reporting that distinct brainstem circuits drive enterotoxin-induced nausea and retching through nerve signaling in response to serotonin release from EC cells.…”

Section: Nausea and Vomiting Are Cns-coordinated Sickness Symptoms Of...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Gastroenteritis: Sickness Symptoms and Behavioral Responses

Hellysaz

Neijd

Vesikari³

et al. 2023

mBio

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“…Vagal afferent pathways are major peripheral emetic nerves that prominently participate in vomiting in response to emetic stimuli in the gastrointestinal tract [ 22 ]. Indeed, in response to peripheral emetic stimuli, gastrointestinal vagal afferent fibers carry the information regarding the physiological state of the gastrointestinal tract to the dorsal vagal complex, and activation of vagal afferents is involved in the generation of vomiting [ 18 ].…”

Section: Central and Peripheral Sites Of Nausea And Vomitingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Nausea and Vomiting: Current Knowledge and Recent Advances in Intracellular Emetic Signaling Systems

Zhong

Shahbaz

Teskey

et al. 2021

IJMS

117

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Nausea and vomiting are common gastrointestinal complaints that can be triggered by diverse emetic stimuli through central and/or peripheral nervous systems. Both nausea and vomiting are considered as defense mechanisms when threatening toxins/drugs/bacteria/viruses/fungi enter the body either via the enteral (e.g., the gastrointestinal tract) or parenteral routes, including the blood, skin, and respiratory systems. While vomiting is the act of forceful removal of gastrointestinal contents, nausea is believed to be a subjective sensation that is more difficult to study in nonhuman species. In this review, the authors discuss the anatomical structures, neurotransmitters/mediators, and corresponding receptors, as well as intracellular emetic signaling pathways involved in the processes of nausea and vomiting in diverse animal models as well as humans. While blockade of emetic receptors in the prevention of vomiting is fairly well understood, the potential of new classes of antiemetics altering postreceptor signal transduction mechanisms is currently evolving, which is also reviewed. Finally, future directions within the field will be discussed in terms of important questions that remain to be resolved and advances in technology that may help provide potential answers.

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Pathology of emesis

Cited by 19 publications

References 118 publications

Nausea and vomiting in gastroparesis: similarities and differences in idiopathic and diabetic gastroparesis

Nausea and vomiting in gastroparesis: similarities and differences in idiopathic and diabetic gastroparesis

Viral Gastroenteritis: Sickness Symptoms and Behavioral Responses

Mechanisms of Nausea and Vomiting: Current Knowledge and Recent Advances in Intracellular Emetic Signaling Systems

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