Pathophysiological Characteristics of Phlegm-stasis Cementation Syndrome in Coronary Heart Disease: a Review and Update

Ren, Jian-Xun; Chang, Dennis Hsu-Tung; Liu, Jianxun

doi:10.15806/j.issn.2311-8571.2015.0027

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…According to TCM, Phlegm-Stasis syndrome is formed by phlegm turbidity or blood stasis in the body due to qi transport being impeded by external or environmental stimuli. 20 , 36 It is characterized by numbness, pain, lack of appetite, nausea, vomiting, heavy body weight, and a purple tongue with a thick and greasy coating. An epidemiological study has revealed that Phlegm-Stasis is one of the prominent constitutions in patients with cancer, especially in those with liver, lung, and pancreatic cancer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between cancer-related fatigue and traditional Chinese medicine body constitution in female patients with breast cancer

Deng

Chiu

et al. 2021

Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine

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Background Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a common psychosomatic problem in breast cancer patients. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used to address symptoms in patients with CRF. Identification of the specific constitution in TCM is essential for personalized care. Aim To explore the relationship between fatigue and specific constitutions in breast cancer. Experimental procedure We conducted a cross-sectional study in all breast cancer patients at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taiwan. The severity of fatigue was determined using the Brief Fatigue Inventory-Taiwanese (BFI-T) form. TCM patterns were determined using the Body Constitution Questionnaire (BCQ). The relationship between constitution and fatigue was analyzed using logistic regression. Results We recruited 110 breast cancer patients with fatigue (mean age: 55 ± 11 years). The mean duration of breast cancer was 17.4 months. The major constitution among these patients with fatigue was Yang-Qi deficiency (50%). Phlegm-Stasis syndrome was correlated with a duration of breast cancer of more than 18 months ( p = 0.02). Out of all participants, 42.7% (n = 47) reported clinically significant fatigue (BFI-T score ≥4). According to logistic regression, the score of Yang-Qi deficiency [odds ratio (OR): 3.5, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.49–8.21, p < 0.01] was also associated with clinically significant fatigue. Conclusion Yang-Qi deficiency is associated with clinically significant fatigue in breast cancer patients. However, the association of Phlegm-Stasis syndrome and fatigue as disease duration increases cannot be ignored. Further studies are needed to determine whether treating both constitutions integrating TCM treatment can alleviate patients’ fatigue symptoms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between cancer-related fatigue and traditional Chinese medicine body constitution in female patients with breast cancer

Deng

Chiu

et al. 2021

Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine

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“…Schizophrenia patients with Stasis BC should be noticed. Micro-circulation obstruction, abnormal haemorheology, unstable haemodynamics, abnormal platelet and endothelium, dysfunctional anticoagulation, and fibrinolysis: all conditions which lead to blood stasis [38]. Some studies proposed that possessing Stasis BC is significantly associated with hyperlipidaemia, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, or coronary artery disease [38][39][40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Micro-circulation obstruction, abnormal haemorheology, unstable haemodynamics, abnormal platelet and endothelium, dysfunctional anticoagulation, and fibrinolysis: all conditions which lead to blood stasis [38]. Some studies proposed that possessing Stasis BC is significantly associated with hyperlipidaemia, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, or coronary artery disease [38][39][40]. Several studies demonstrated that olanzapine is a relatively unsafe drug, especially for patients who have coronary heart disease [41][42][43][44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between the Second-Generation Antipsychotics Efficacy and the Traditional Chinese Medicine Body Constitutions in Patients with Schizophrenia

et al. 2021

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Background: Schizophrenia requires lifelong treatment; Second-generation Antipsychotics (SGAs) have become the most prescribed medication for schizophrenia patients. The efficacy of various SGAs treatment may differ in schizophrenia patients with various traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) body constitution (BC) types. Method: This study applied a longitudinal quantitative research design, where a total of 66 participants were recruited. The Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) and the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) score were used to evaluate patients’ psychopathology status in hospitalization, and body constitution questionnaires were conducted by face-to-face interviews in the 1st, 3rd, and 6th week of hospitalization. Results: More than 60% of schizophrenia patients who were treated with SGAs were classified to have unbalanced BC types including Yin-Xu, Yang-Xu and Stasis. Generalized estimating equation analysis revealed significant time effects in CGI and PANSS score improvements in both unbalanced and gentleness (balance) BC types, but no significant changes in the group and group-time interaction in the CGI and PANSS scores in different BC type groups. Conclusions: Schizophrenia patients under SGAs treatment had a higher proportion of unbalanced BC types which may lead to poorer physical or mental statuses, such as overweight problems. Health care providers could apply interventions according to patients’ BC types for disease prevention.

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“…And the main strategies include: (1) conducting the metabonomic and proteomic research (Shi et al, 2014b ; Zou et al, 2014 ; Jiang et al, 2015 ; Sun et al, 2015 ); (2) constructing MiRNA-target network (Liao et al, 2016 ; Liu et al, 2017 ); (3) integrating the classical formulas or herb pair (Chen et al, 2016 ; Xu et al, 2016 ; Zhou et al, 2016 ; Yue et al, 2017 ); (4) analyzing compound–nature pairs from TCM via chemical space visualizations (Liang et al, 2013 ; Fu et al, 2017 ); (5) using compound-target-disease associations to reconstruct the biologically-meaningful networks based on systems pharmacology (Zhou and Wang, 2014 ). Moreover, in recent years, a growing number of studies have focused on the biological mechanisms underlying BS with IHD (Mao et al, 2004 ; Liu Y. et al, 2011 ; Chen, 2012 ; Hao et al, 2013 ; Huang et al, 2013 ; Su et al, 2013 ; Wang and Yu, 2013 ; Li et al, 2015 ), PS with IHD (Wang et al, 2009 ; Zhao, 2009 ; Fang et al, 2011 ; Kong et al, 2014 ) and PSCS with IHD (Zhang et al, 1995 , 1999 ; Liu et al, 2008 ; Bai and Song, 2012 ; Lin et al, 2014 ; Zhao L. et al, 2014 ; Ren et al, 2015 ). However, the molecular mechanisms of PSCS with IHD have not been fully elucidated clearly and have not yet been investigated from a network medicine perspective (Hopkins, 2007 ; Li and Zhang, 2013 ), in particular the symptoms or cluster of symptoms (corresponding to specific syndromes) have been always ignored to be explored in system biology (Zhou et al, 2014a , b ), although symptoms were the most common and focused phenotypes in TCM (Chung, 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Modules Analysis to Explore the Molecular Mechanisms of Phlegm-Stasis Cementation Syndrome with Ischemic Heart Disease

Yang

Jiang

et al. 2018

Front. Physiol.

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Background: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) has been the leading cause of death for several decades globally, IHD patients usually hold the symptoms of phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome (PSCS) as significant complications. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of PSCS complicated with IHD have not yet been fully elucidated.Materials and Methods: Network medicine methods were utilized to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of IHD phenotypes. Firstly, high-quality IHD-associated genes from both human curated disease-gene association database and biomedical literatures were integrated. Secondly, the IHD disease modules were obtained by dissecting the protein-protein interaction (PPI) topological modules in the String V9.1 database and the mapping of IHD-associated genes to the PPI topological modules. After that, molecular functional analyses (e.g., Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment analyses) for these IHD disease modules were conducted. Finally, the PSCS syndrome modules were identified by mapping the PSCS related symptom-genes to the IHD disease modules, which were further validated by both pharmacological and physiological evidences derived from published literatures.Results: The total of 1,056 high-quality IHD-associated genes were integrated and evaluated. In addition, eight IHD disease modules (the PPI sub-networks significantly relevant to IHD) were identified, in which two disease modules were relevant to PSCS syndrome (i.e., two PSCS syndrome modules). These two modules had enriched pathways on Toll-like receptor signaling pathway (hsa04620) and Renin-angiotensin system (hsa04614), with the molecular functions of angiotensin maturation (GO:0002003) and response to bacterium (GO:0009617), which had been validated by classical Chinese herbal formulas-related targets, IHD-related drug targets, and the phenotype features derived from human phenotype ontology (HPO) and published biomedical literatures.Conclusion: A network medicine-based approach was proposed to identify the underlying molecular modules of PSCS complicated with IHD, which could be used for interpreting the pharmacological mechanisms of well-established Chinese herbal formulas (e.g., Tao Hong Si Wu Tang, Dan Shen Yin, Hunag Lian Wen Dan Tang and Gua Lou Xie Bai Ban Xia Tang). In addition, these results delivered novel understandings of the molecular network mechanisms of IHD phenotype subtypes with PSCS complications, which would be both insightful for IHD precision medicine and the integration of disease and TCM syndrome diagnoses.

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Pathophysiological Characteristics of Phlegm-stasis Cementation Syndrome in Coronary Heart Disease: a Review and Update

Cited by 3 publications

References 23 publications

Association between cancer-related fatigue and traditional Chinese medicine body constitution in female patients with breast cancer

Association between cancer-related fatigue and traditional Chinese medicine body constitution in female patients with breast cancer

The Relationship between the Second-Generation Antipsychotics Efficacy and the Traditional Chinese Medicine Body Constitutions in Patients with Schizophrenia

Integrated Modules Analysis to Explore the Molecular Mechanisms of Phlegm-Stasis Cementation Syndrome with Ischemic Heart Disease

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