Pathway for decarbonizing residential building operations in the US and China beyond the mid-century

Zhang, Shufan; Zhou, Nan; Feng, Wei; Ma, Minda; Xiang, Xiwang; You, Kairui

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121164

Cited by 64 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…For example, many state governments in the United States offer developers tax reductions if their developments satisfy the sustainability requirements. Policies contribute to the cost-effectiveness of residential buildings by mitigating the operational carbon emission [30]. Many studies have investigated the impacts of subsidies on developers, such as tax relief, monetary incentives, lending credits, and other compensations [31].…”

Section: Governance and Public Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction Cost Decomposition of Residential Building Energy Retrofit

Zhao

2023

Buildings

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Buildings are responsible for significant energy consumption and carbon emissions. Green buildings, which incorporate advanced building technologies, offer a solution to reducing energy use. However, high costs associated with green building development present a barrier to widespread adoption. Retrofit projects, involving remodeling, renovation, and redevelopment of existing buildings, offer a viable solution. While prior studies have examined the cost analysis of green and non-green buildings, there is a lack of evidence comparing new and retrofit projects. This study aims to address this gap by providing empirical evidence for the cost decomposition and benefits of new and retrofit projects. Data on energy use, building technology, and costs from 235 certified green homes in the United States were collected, and cost benefits were evaluated. Results show that retrofit projects cost, on average, $1270.5/m2 ($118.0/ft2), which is 30% less than new projects. Land acquisition and development account for 35% of retrofit costs, six times greater than new projects. Excluding land costs, retrofit projects cost, on average, $733.88/m2 ($68.2/ft2), 49% less than new projects. Retrofit projects use similar building technologies as new projects and produce larger energy savings. The cost-benefit values generated by retrofit projects are 86% greater than new projects when considering land costs and 142% greater without considering land costs. These findings contribute to cost management for complex building projects and energy policy for sustainable development. Retrofitting offers great potential to promote the green building movement and suggests effective subsidy programs as a public policy implication.

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Section: Governance and Public Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction Cost Decomposition of Residential Building Energy Retrofit

Zhao

2023

Buildings

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“…At present, the adoption of renewable energy sources has become a global priority as concerns about climate change and sustainability intensify. Colombia, a country that has a rich geographical and climatic diversity, faces the challenge of diversifying its energy matrix and making the most of its natural resources to move towards a cleaner and more sustainable economy [1] [2]. The selection of the most suitable renewable energy source in Colombia is a task of great complexity due to the variability of factors that must be considered [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between AHP and FAHP for the best Selection of Renewable Energies in Colombia, a country with diversity in its geographical regions: Optimization and Sustainability

Rocha,

Buelavas

2024

Preprint

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This study presents a comprehensive examination of renewable energy sources across distinct Colombian regions, employing the AHP and FAHP methodologies. Tailoring the selection of alternatives, including solar photovoltaic, offshore/onshore wind, biomass, geothermal, and large- and small-scale hydropower, to each region's specific characteristics aims to provide sustainable solutions for the nation's escalating energy demand. The weighting process incorporates multidimensional criteria encompassing social, economic, technical, and environmental aspects, further broken down into sub-criteria for meticulous evaluation. Results unveil distinct weightings and hierarchies for each region, shaped by the variability in energy potential and resource availability. Methodological differences yield notable disparities in outcomes, with solar photovoltaics emerging as a leading option in most regions, securing a 60% preference due to its viability and potential. This emphasizes the necessity of considering unique regional characteristics when selecting the most suitable energy source. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the significance of introducing innovative metaheuristic methods, notably AHP and FAHP, into the Colombian energy sector. In a geographically diverse country like Colombia, where regional variability demands flexible approaches, these methodologies emerge as crucial decision-making tools. Overcoming the limitations of traditional approaches, they provide a precise and informed assessment, adeptly managing uncertainty and subjectivity in dynamic environments. This research not only offers a valuable guide for the effective implementation of renewable energies in Colombia but also underscores the importance of accommodating regional variability in the transition towards a cleaner and more sustainable energy system. The application of metaheuristic methods contributes to more effective strategic planning, fostering environmental sustainability within the Colombian context. Ultimately, the combination of detailed assessment, specific weighting, and the application of advanced methodologies presents a comprehensive approach to addressing energy challenges in a country as diverse as Colombia.

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“…27 Decarbonization from energy efficiency in China will be mainly affected by the end uses of heating and appliances. 28,29 Consequently, it is imperative to optimize the parameters of the HVAC system with renewable energy, using operational carbon emissions as objective functions, to determine the optimal HVAC system parameters that minimize operational carbon emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon emission reduction in public buildings of extreme cold regions: A study on enclosure structure and HVAC system parameter optimization

Teng,

Yin

2024

Energy Science & Engineering

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The implementation of strategies aimed at curtailing energy consumption and carbon emissions in buildings is of paramount importance. Priority should be accorded to the reduction of embodied carbon emissions from construction materials and operational carbon emissions during the usage phase. A public building situated in an extremely cold region is chosen as the subject of this study. An initial investigation is conducted into the impact of various enclosure structure materials on embodied carbon. The impact of different heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems on the total carbon emissions of public buildings are studied as well. The findings indicate that the amalgamation of W3 + R + G4 + H4 culminates in the least total carbon emissions. Upon establishing the foundational scheme for the public building, an optimization (nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II [NSGA II] and Criteria Importance Through Intercrieria Correlation [CRITIC]) of the enclosure structure parameters is initiated to examine the optimal parameters of the public building's enclosure structure. The findings reveal that a decrease in the heat transfer coefficient could trigger an increase in total carbon emissions. This is attributed to the fact that the carbon emissions embodied in the production process of these materials could potentially outweigh the reduction observed in operational carbon emissions. Further adjustments were also made to the parameters of the HVAC system in the buildings. The findings indicate that within the context of public buildings, given the presence of optimal parameters and an HVAC system that utilizes solar energy for both heating and cooling in the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air‐Conditioning Engineers, Inc. 6 A climatic zone, the efficiency of the cooling system can exert a significant influence on the operations carbon emissions reduction.

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Pathway for decarbonizing residential building operations in the US and China beyond the mid-century

Cited by 64 publications

References 75 publications

Construction Cost Decomposition of Residential Building Energy Retrofit

Construction Cost Decomposition of Residential Building Energy Retrofit

Comparison between AHP and FAHP for the best Selection of Renewable Energies in Colombia, a country with diversity in its geographical regions: Optimization and Sustainability

Carbon emission reduction in public buildings of extreme cold regions: A study on enclosure structure and HVAC system parameter optimization

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