Patient dose considerations in computed tomography examinations

Tsalafoutas, Ioannis A.; Koukourakis, Georgios V.

doi:10.4329/wjr.v2.i7.262

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…As the MSCT scanner is equipped with multiple rows of detectors (e.g., 16–256 rows), the examination speed is faster. In addition, it can set the slice width to be thinner than that in SSCT, and thus, it shows good results with superior diagnostic evaluation (26). In addition to the medical benefits to patients, for hospitals with 100 beds or more, the balance of income and costs is likely to yield a surplus, thus generating increased profits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed Tomography: Return on Investment and Regional Disparity Factor Analysis

Imai

Akahane²,

Imamura³

2019

Front. Public Health

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The number of computed tomography (CT) systems in operation in Japan is approximately 4.3 times higher than that of the OECD average. However, CT systems are expensive, and thus, a heavy financial burden for hospital management. We calculate the annual net profits from CT introduction in Japan for single-slice CT (SSCT), multi-slice CT (MSCT), number of hospital beds, and prefecture. We also analyze the factors that affect CT profitability. First, the annual income per CT in operation is estimated for 2011. Second, the annual costs per CT are calculated as the sum of depreciation, maintenance, and labor costs. Finally, the annual net profits per CT are estimated for SSCT and MSCT, the number of hospital beds, and prefecture. A correlation analysis between the annual net profits, population, and number of physicians per CT equipment is used to determine the determinants of the net CT profits by prefecture. Our results show that, for hospitals with fewer than 100 beds, the annual net CT profits are higher for SSCT than MSCT, and vice versa for hospitals with at least 100 beds. Both SSCT and MSCT increased profits as the number of hospital beds increased. The annual net CT profits per prefecture are USD −12,105 for SSCT and USD 87,233 for MSCT, on average. The annual net profits per prefecture and population per CT show positive correlations with both SSCT and MSCT, as do the annual net profits per prefecture and number of physicians per CT. Thus, choosing high-performance MSCT is advantageous in terms of profitability in facilities with at least 100 beds. Additionally, CT profitability presumably affects the balance between the number of introduced CTs, population per CT, and number of physicians per CT.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed Tomography: Return on Investment and Regional Disparity Factor Analysis

Imai

Akahane²,

Imamura³

2019

Front. Public Health

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“… Data are mean mSv a CT-based transmission scan in high quality mode [ 31 ] b 73-cm CAP CT [ 29 ] c Whole body CT, C3 to symphisis pubis [ 22 ] d Complete whole body CT includes thyroid contribution [ 24 ] e Based on UK survey of CAP CT [ 30 ] …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation dosimetry of 18F-FDG PET/CT: incorporating exam-specific parameters in dose estimates

et al. 2016

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BackgroundWhole body fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is the standard of care in oncologic diagnosis and staging, and patient radiation dose must be well understood to balance exam benefits with the risk from radiation exposure. Although reference PET/CT patient doses are available, the potential for widely varying total dose prompts evaluation of clinic-specific patient dose. The aims of this study were to use exam-specific information to characterize the radiation dosimetry of PET/CT exams that used two different CT techniques for adult oncology patients and evaluate the practicality of employing an exam-specific approach to dose estimation.MethodsWhole body PET/CT scans from two sets of consecutive adult patients were retrospectively reviewed. One set received a PET scan with a standard registration CT and the other a PET scan with a diagnostic quality CT. PET dose was calculated by modifying the standard reference phantoms in OLINDA/EXM 1.1 with patient-specific organ mass. CT dose was calculated using patient-specific data in ImPACT. International Commission on Radiological Protection publication 103 tissue weighting coefficients were used for effective dose.ResultsOne hundred eighty three adult scans were evaluated (95 men, 88 women). The mean patient-specific effective dose from a mean injected 18F-FDG activity of 450 ± 32 MBq was 9.0 ± 1.6 mSv. For all standard PET/CT patients, mean effective mAs was 39 ± 11 mAs, mean CT effective dose was 5.0 ± 1.0 mSv and mean total effective dose was 14 ± 1.3 mSv. For all diagnostic PET/CT patients, mean effective mAs was 120 ± 51 mAs, mean CT effective dose was 15.4 ± 5.0 mSv and mean total effective dose was 24.4 ± 4.3 mSv. The five organs receiving the highest organ equivalent doses in all exams were bladder, heart, brain, liver and lungs.ConclusionsPatient-specific parameters optimize the patient dosimetry utilized in the medical justification of whole body PET/CT referrals and optimization of PET and CT acquisition parameters. Incorporating patient-specific data into dose estimates is a worthwhile effort for characterizing patient dose, and the specific dosimetric information assists in the justification of risk and optimization of PET/CT.

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“…Patient exposure is more perilous in CT because, aside using ionizing radiation, the doses are usually higher than for radiographic or fluoroscopic procedures [9] . In addition, the introduction of multi-section CT scanners resulted in relatively large dose increase compared with doses from single-section scanners [10] . It is uncertain whether the cost and risk of brain CT are justified especially when considered vis-à-vis the indications for the study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of common findings in brain computerized tomography (CT) scan: A single center study

et al. 2020

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Background Computed Tomography (CT) is an invaluable imaging tool in the diagnostic workup of patients presenting with head trauma, stroke, brain tumour and epilepsy. The objective of this study was to document the common intracranial pathologies as revealed by CT in our setting and also determine if the indications for CT scan are justified so that patients are not exposed to radiation unnecessarily. Materials and methods This was a cross-sectional study carried out in Hansa Clinic Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria. Demographic data and brain CT radiological reports with imaging findings and clinical indications for patients referred to this study centre from January, 2017 to January 2019 were retrieved from the CT reports' archives and reviewed retrospectively. Relevant information such age, gender, radiological CT findings and clinical indications were collected using structured proforma. Results A total of 300 patients' brain CT radiological reports were included in this study. The mean age of the patients was 41.25 ± 16.5 years with majority been within the age group of 31–40 years 92 (30.67%). Out of 300 cases, normal finding was highest 117 (39%) and the least was intracranial physiological calcification, which is 1 (0.33%). Headache is the most common clinical indication, 53 (17.67%) the least was unsteady Gait, which is 3 (1%). The Chi-square test revealed that there was statistically significance relationship between brain CT findings and clinical indications for the investigations (X 2 = 285.60, p = 0.002). Conclusion The study showed that more males than females undergo brain CT scan with headache being the most common presenting complaint. The majority of findings of the brain CT scans in this study are normal despite, myriads of complaints necessitating the investigations. The study also revealed significant association between clinical indications and CT findings.

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Patient dose considerations in computed tomography examinations

Cited by 26 publications

References 33 publications

Computed Tomography: Return on Investment and Regional Disparity Factor Analysis

Computed Tomography: Return on Investment and Regional Disparity Factor Analysis

Radiation dosimetry of 18F-FDG PET/CT: incorporating exam-specific parameters in dose estimates

Evaluation of common findings in brain computerized tomography (CT) scan: A single center study

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