Patients with unmet social needs are at higher risks of developing severe long COVID-19 symptoms and neuropsychiatric sequela

Abstract

This study investigated long COVID of patients in the Montefiore Health System COVID-19 (CORE) Clinics in the Bronx with an emphasis on identifying health related social needs (HRSNs). We analyzed a cohort of 643 CORE patients (6/26/2020-2/24/2023) and 52,089 non-CORE COVID-19 patients. Outcomes included symptoms, physical, emotional, and cognitive function test scores obtained at least three months post-infection. Socioeconomic variables included median incomes, insurance status, and HRSNs. The CORE cohort was older age (53.38 ± 14.50 versus 45.91 ± 23.79 years old, p < 0.001), more female (72.47% vs 56.86%, p < 0.001), had higher prevalence of hypertension (45.88% vs 23.28%, p < 0.001), diabetes (22.86% vs 13.83%, p < 0.001), COPD (7.15% vs 2.28%, p < 0.001), asthma (25.51% vs 12.66%, p < 0.001), lower incomes (53.81% vs 43.67%, 1st quintile, p < 0.001), and more unmet social needs (29.81% vs 18.49%, p < 0.001) compared to non-CORE COVID-19 survivors. CORE patients reported a wide range of severe long-COVID symptoms. CORE patients with unmet HRSNs experienced more severe symptoms, worse ESAS-r scores (wellbeing, shortness of breath, anxiety, and depression), PHQ-9 scores (overall: 12.05 ± 7.07 vs 7.71 ± 6.35, p < 0.001), and GAD-7 scores (overall: 9.26 ± 6.63 vs 5.28 ± 5.72, p < 0.001) compared to CORE patients without. Patients with unmet HRSNs experienced worse long-COVID outcomes compared to those without.