Pattern and Visual Prognostic Factors of Behcet’s Uveitis in Northwest Iran

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the pattern of ocular involvement in Behcet’s disease (BD) with predictors of patients’ final state of vision.
 Methods: This historical cohort encompassed the clinical records of 200 patients diagnosed according to the International Criteria for BD (ICBD), over a period of 17 years between 2004 and 2021.
 Results: The prevalence of Behcet’s uveitis (BU) was more common in females and patients in the fourth decade of life. Ninety-five patients (47.5%) had evidence of ocular involvement in the initial ophthalmologic evaluation, and 171 patients (85.5%) manifested evidence of BU during the follow-up visits of which bilateral non-granulomatous panuveitis was the most common anatomical pattern of involvement (32.9%) followed by posterior (27.6%), anterior (26.5%), and intermediate (13.8%) uveitis. The prevalent accompanying signs were oral aphthous (67%), skin lesions (29%), and genital ulcers (19.5%). Cystoid macular edema (CME) was the most frequent ocular complication (62%), followed by cataract (57.5%) and epiretinal membranes (ERM) (36.5%). Univariate analysis showed the following determinants: male gender, younger age at onset, panuveitis, posterior uveitis, retinal vasculitis, and longer duration of uveitis as poorer visual prognostic factors of the disease. Multivariate analysis demonstrated a higher chance of poor visual prognosis of BD in patients with panuveitis, posterior uveitis, retinal vasculitis, and longer duration of uveitis.
 Conclusion: This cohort study demonstrated an overview on epidemiological patterns of BU along with the visual prognostic factors in Iranian patients.

Islamic Fundamentalism and Gender: The Portrayal of Women in Iranian Movies

“…In addition to these three storylines, active young girls fall in love, have sex, reject their suitors, and leave their fiancées. In Khorshidian (2001), Ghavidel (2002), Jeyrani (2002), Aalami (2001), Alamzade (2002), Sajjadi (2002), and Rafie (2002), young girls give their love to men either explicitly or implicitly. These are bold actions, but in more than half of these movies, the young girls fail in their relationships.…”

“…They generally reject their suitors for other men. Their fiancées are rejected due to their immorality, unemployment, and poverty (Ghavidel 2002; Moghadam 2005; Sherkat 2003). Even though the discourses in these movies allow for individual action, individuality eventually fails.…”

“….] you will be in trouble with a man.” In Ghavidel (2002), the friend believes that boys are always at fault, and she advises her friend to be wise. In Moghadam (2005), the friend says, “you cannot find a good man [.…”

Treatment of uveitis and scleritis patients in Malaysia

“…The incidence of uveitis was estimated between 17 to 52 cases per 100 000 persons per year while the prevalence was about 38 to 714 cases per 100 000 persons per year [1,[10][11][12] . Early diagnosis and timely treatment of uveitis and scleritis are imperative to reduce the risk of visual impairment [8,13] . Epidemiology of ocular inflammation is considerably diverse worldwide and various factors influence it which include host, environmental, genetic, ethnic, socioeconomic, and demographic factors [1][2]6,8,[10][11][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] .…”

“…Early diagnosis and timely treatment of uveitis and scleritis are imperative to reduce the risk of visual impairment [8,13] . Epidemiology of ocular inflammation is considerably diverse worldwide and various factors influence it which include host, environmental, genetic, ethnic, socioeconomic, and demographic factors [1][2]6,8,[10][11][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] . A better understanding of the demographic and causes of uveitis and scleritis in various geographic areas will prevent unnecessary laboratory testing, and the delay in commencing treatment [4] .…”