Pattern of Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B Virus Markers in Cases of Acute Sporadic Hepatitis and in Healthy School Children from North West India

Br, Thapa; Singh, K. K.; Broor, S L; Singh, Vikram; Nain, C. K.

doi:10.1093/tropej/41.6.328

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…However, several authors have studied the pattern of anti-HAV IgG in healthy population. 16,17 On studying the trends of HAV infection in different age groups, it was found that as the age increased, 7%). Such trends showing a high incidence of HAV infection in less than 10 years of age is attributed to the fact that viral hepatitis A is predominantly an infection of childhood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feco-orally transmitted viral hepatitis in a tertiary care hospital in urban India

Rajani¹,

Jais²

2013

Jmid

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Objective: To investigate the magnitude and pattern of hepatitis viral markers in feco-orally transmitted acute viral hepatitis with their relation to age and sex. Methods: This prospective study was carried out in two groups of subjects including the study group of 600 patients with clinically suspected infectious hepatitis and control group of 200 patients showing no clinical evidence of acute infectious hepatitis. Serum samples were tested for the presence of anti-hepatitis A virus (HAV) IgM and Anti-hepatitis E virus (HEV) IgM antibodies using commercial ELISA test kits. Results: The seroprevalence rate of feco-orally transmitted acute viral hepatitis was 11.8% in the study group compared to 4.5% in the control group (p=0.007). The prevalence of anti-HAV IgM was 8.3% while that of anti-HEV IgM was 3.5% in the same group. Maximum seropositivity of anti-HAV IgM was seen in 0-10 years of age in the study group (16.8%) followed by 11-20 years (7.2%) and 21-30 years (4.6%). In the study group, the maximum seropositivity of anti-HEV IgM was seen in 21-30 years (10.7%) followed by 31-40 years (2.9%), 11-20 years (2.7%) and 0-10 years (0.9%). Male predominance was seen in both types of acute viral hepatitis. Conclusion: While HEV infection was predominantly seen in young adults, HAV infection was predominantly a childhood infection and its prevalence decreased by age. Being enterically transmitted viral diseases it is recommended that immunization programs, public awareness measures for hygiene and safe drinking water should be consolidated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feco-orally transmitted viral hepatitis in a tertiary care hospital in urban India

Rajani¹,

Jais²

2013

Jmid

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“…Hepatitis A virus (HAV) accounts for 60-80 per cent cases of clinical hepatitis in the developing countries 1 2 . The clinical course may vary from asymptomatic, acute self-limiting viral hepatitis to life threatening acute liver failure (ALF).…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of hepatitis A virus strains in a tertiary care health set up in north western India

Singh¹,

Majumdar²,

Thapa³

et al. 2015

Indian J Med Res

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Background & objectives:Hepatitis A virus usually causes acute viral hepatitis (AVH) in the paediatric age group with a recent shift in age distribution and disease manifestations like acute liver failure (ALF). This has been attributed to mutations in 5’non-translated region (5’NTR) which affects the viral multiplication. The present study was aimed to carry out the molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis A virus strains circulating in north western India.Methods:Serum samples from in patients and those attending out patient department of Pediatric Gastroenterology in a tertiary care hospital in north India during 2007-2011 with clinically suspected AVH were tested for anti-hepatitis A virus (HAV) IgM antibodies. Acute phase serum samples were subjected to nested PCR targeting the 5’NTR region followed by sequencing of the representative strains.Results:A total of 1334 samples were tested, 290 (21.7%) were positive for anti-HAV IgM antibody. Of these, 78 serum samples (< 7 days old) were subjected to PCR and 47.4% (37/78) samples showed the presence of HAV RNA. Children < 15 yr of age accounted for majority (94%) of cases with highest seropositivity during rainy season. Sequencing of 15 representative strains was carried out and the circulating genotype was found to be III A. The nucleotide sequences showed high homology among the strains with a variation ranging from 0.1-1 per cent over the years. An important substitution of G to A at 324 position was shown by both AVH and ALF strains. The cumulative substitution in AVH strains Vs ALF strains as compared to GBM, Indian and prototype strain in the 200-500 region of 5’ NTR was comparable.Interpretation & conclusion:Our results showed hepatitis A still a disease of children with III A as a circulating genotype in this region. The mutations at 5’NTR region warrant further analysis as these affect the structure of internal ribosomal entry site which is important for viral replication.

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“…6,11,12 We found male to female ratio of 1.45:1. Although a slight preponderance of male as compared to females which was different from Poddar U et al study, spectrum of sporadic acute viral hepatitis in Indian children where they found that male to female ratio of 2.3:1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…These findings are higher than the earlier studies in north Indian children by Tondon BN et al and a study by Thapa BR et al in which Hepatitis A was found 67% and 78% respectively. 5,6 Typhoid fever was found to be the second most important cause of hepatitis with the incidence of 5%. In the literature, it has been mentioned that typhoid hepatitis is an important cause of morbidity in patient with typhoid fever.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiology of hepatitis in children

Rewatkar¹,

Shendre²,

Agarwal³

et al. 2017

Int J Contemp Pediatr

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Background: Hepatitis (plural hepatitides) is inflammation of the liver and characterized by the presence of inflammatory cells in the tissue of the organ. Although infectious hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis and metabolic diseases are the cause but in majority of the cases etiology remain obscure. Worldwide, the overall frequency of pediatric liver disease is 1:8,000. According to a study in U.S, it amounts to almost 15,000 hospital admissions per year. Objective of present study was to study and determine etiologies of the hepatitis in non-neonatal age group and find out the commonest etiological cause, along with to study clinical course of acute hepatitis and average time for recovery from the illnessMethods: A prospective study of 100 children presented with the clinical jaundice between the age group of 1 month to 18 years were evaluated using inclusion criteria utilizing clinical proforma, complete history, clinical examination and blood investigations, in the pediatric out-patient, in-patient and emergency department at Moolchand Medcity, New Delhi from August 2008 to August 2010.Results: Hepatitis A was positive in 88 children (88%) which was the highest in frequency, followed by Typhoid in 5 of children (5%), while Hepatitis E (3%), B (2%) and dengue 1(1%) were the least in the incidence respectively. Two patients had fulminant hepatitis and both were positive for Hepatitis A, of which one was referred for liver transplant. Period for clinical recovery was found to be 12-24 days (19.87±3.489) and for biochemical recovery was range from 23- 59 days (36.71±5.9437) while all 99 (99%) patients were recovered from the illness in 99 % of cases.Conclusions: Hepatitis A is the most common cause of acute hepatitis. Clinical recovery occurred in 2 to 3 weeks, followed by biochemical recovery in 3 to 8 weeks respectively.

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Pattern of Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B Virus Markers in Cases of Acute Sporadic Hepatitis and in Healthy School Children from North West India

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Feco-orally transmitted viral hepatitis in a tertiary care hospital in urban India

Feco-orally transmitted viral hepatitis in a tertiary care hospital in urban India

Molecular characterization of hepatitis A virus strains in a tertiary care health set up in north western India

Etiology of hepatitis in children

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