Pattern of Morbidity and Mortality in Preterm Newborns in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:To study the morbidity and the mortality patterns in inborn preterm newborns admitted in NICU at a tertiary care teaching hospital. DESIGN: Retrospective study. The medical records of all the inborn preterm neonates (G. age ≤36W+6 days) who were admitted to the NICU were analyzed by using a pre-set proforma. SETTINGS: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Department of Pediatrics, Adesh Institute of Medical Science & Research Institute (AIMSR) Bathinda, Punjab. The study was carried out over a period of 2 years from January 2012 to December 2014. PARTICIPANTS: 80 preterm neonates who were born in AIMSR and were admitted with some illness to the NICU. OUTCOME: The patterns of the morbidity and the mortality among the preterm neonates who were admitted to the NICU. 'Survival' was defined as the discharge of a live neonate/ infant from the hospital. RESULTS: A total of 80 premature inborn infants were analyzed for the complications they encountered after birth while admitted in NICU. Out of 80 premature babies, 32 (40%) were male and 48 (60%) were female babies. Mean gestational age was and Mean birth weight was. Neonatal hyper-bilirubinemia, HMD/RDS and Neonatal sepsis were the commonest causes of morbidity. Among 80 premature babies 15(18.7%) died. The highest mortality was seen in babies those weighing less than 800 grams (100%). Male mortality is 34.4% and female mortality is 8.3%.

Sex Difference in Mortality for Premature and Low Birth Weight Neonates: A Systematic Review

“…44,45 On the basis of facility involvement, 20 studies were multicentre [11][12][13]18,21,23,[25][26][27]29,30,[32][33][34][35][36]39,[41][42][43] and 12 were single-center studies. 10,19,20,22,24,28,31,37,38,40,44,45 Total participant numbers for the multicenter studies ranged from 224 in a Swedish study involving two regional centres 32 to 8,858 in an Israeli study using a large national database. 34 The smallest single-center study involved 80 participants in India 19 and the largest was a Canadian study including 911 participants.…”

“…10,19,20,22,24,28,31,37,38,40,44,45 Total participant numbers for the multicenter studies ranged from 224 in a Swedish study involving two regional centres 32 to 8,858 in an Israeli study using a large national database. 34 The smallest single-center study involved 80 participants in India 19 and the largest was a Canadian study including 911 participants. 37 In terms of inclusion criteria for participants, 15 studies used GA only, [11][12][13]19,20,[22][23][24]27,32,37,[41][42][43]45 13 used BW only, 10,18,21,25,28,30,31,33,35,36,38,39,44 and 4 used both GA and BW.…”

“…34 The smallest single-center study involved 80 participants in India 19 and the largest was a Canadian study including 911 participants. 37 In terms of inclusion criteria for participants, 15 studies used GA only, [11][12][13]19,20,[22][23][24]27,32,37,[41][42][43]45 13 used BW only, 10,18,21,25,28,30,31,33,35,36,38,39,44 and 4 used both GA and BW. 26,29,34,40 The lowest GA to be included was 20 weeks 42 and the highest was 36 weeks and 6 days.…”

“…26,29,34,40 The lowest GA to be included was 20 weeks 42 and the highest was 36 weeks and 6 days. 19 BW criteria in these studies ranged from 401 29,30 to <2,500 g. 38 Traditionally, neonates with a reduced BW are categorized into low (<2,500 g), very low (<1,500 g, VLBW), and extremely LBW (<1000 g, ELBW). 46 Authors differed slightly on the BW range cut offs for these groups.…”

“…All showed that males had worse mortality outcome compared with females. [10][11][12]18,19,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][42][43][44] No studies found poorer mortality in female neonates. Twenty-four of the 26 studies used mortality as a singular outcome measure; however, two studies measured mortality as part of a composite outcome.…”